Apartheid in South Africa 3 Essay Example

Apartheid in South Africa 3 Essay Example Apartheid in South Africa 3 Essay Apartheid in South Africa 3 Essay Apartheid in South Africa How would you feel if when you came to school, you had to sit in a specific area based on, let’s say the colour of your hair. This would mean that who you associate with would be based on these characteristic. My topic is very vast as it is spanned over 46 years so today I’m going to touch on the side that follows the way the blacks were forced to live and how they were seen as lesser human beings. To put it simply it was due to a long history of settler rule as well as Dutch and British colonialism. The essential thinking behind apartheid was that although South Africa was a unitary nation, it was comprised of four racial groups. This sparked internal resistance to which the government responded with detention without trial and torture. Whites in their own eyes were seen as sophisticated and therefore entitled to rule South Africa. So to begin at the beginning, during the lead up to the 1948 elections the national party began to campaign their ideas on Apartheid and began to pass legislation on their laws shortly after to coming onto power. Classifying individuals began by segregating everyone into black, white coloured or Indian. Those in the coloured group included those of Bantu and European descent. Officials would perform tests to determine which group someone belonged to and often members of the same family ended up in different groups. The East Asian population was the hardest to classify because the just didn’t seem to fit into any group. The descendants of the chinese who came to Johannesburg in the late 19th century were classified as Indian and hence, non-white. In contrast, immigrants of Japan and South Korea were considered honorary whites and were given the title â€Å"worthy oriental gentlemen† and given the same privileges as whites. In South Africa under apartheid, the blacks were stripped of their citizenships and became one one 10 homelands. The natives were discriminated against and legislation stated where and how they should live, work, educate and mingle. In 1949 mixed marriages were prohibited between racial groups. Then in 1953 the separate amenities act was passed which ultimately created separate ospitals, beaches, buses, schools and universities. Signs outlined things clearly with wording such as â€Å"whites only† which applied to nearly everything, even park benches. The government then tightened existing laws forcing South Africans to carry identity cards stipulating their racial group, which prevented the migration of blacks into white South Africa. Blacks were prohibited from living in or visiting white to wns without a permit. The Travelling without a pass meant that a person was subject to arrest. Blacks were not allowed to buy liquor, only a specific type of beer. In 1952 a program of action was launched. By defying laws, a black organisation aimed for mass arrests which the government would be unable to cope with. At one stage Nelson Mandela lead a crowd of 50 men down the streets of a white town. After that, across the country black people disregarded racial laws by doing things such as walking through white only entries. By the end of the campaign the government had made 8,000 arrests and was forced to relax its apartheid laws but eventually came back stronger than ever. The suppression of communism act arose and Mandela was one of 20 tried under the law and received 9 month imprisonment and 2 years suspended sentence. A large amount of white South Africans supported the apartheid laws but it is important to remember that between the 1970’s and 1980’s around 20% of voters were opposed. Violence persisted right through to the 1994 elections People had to cast two votes, one for a national government and another for a provincial government. As part of the new government structure each province was given a degree of political power. This meant that not all decisions were made by the National Government. The government of national unity was established and the cabinet was made up of 12 ANC reps, 6 from the national party and 3 from another. Nelson Mandela became the first democratically elected president. Since then the 27th of April is celebrated as a public holiday known as freedom day. www. un. org/av/photo/subjects/apartheid. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apartheid www-cs-students. stanford. edu/~cale/cs201/apartheid. hist. html

Steam engine essays

Steam engine essays In 1698 a great inventor named, Thomas Savery made the first steam engine. He was working on a problem pumping water out of coalmines. This machine that he used consisted of closed vessel filled with water which was made into steam. It forced the water upward and out of the mine. It created some like a vacuum and sucked more water out a bottom valve. Then later he started to work with Thomas Newcomen on an atmospheric steam engine. Later on in 1748 John Schuylers copper mine used the first steam engine in America. Flooding shut down the mine in Passaic, New Jersey. Schuyler paid Jonathan Hornblower 1000 pounds to ship him a steam engine and mechanics to set it up from Britain. So in 5 years the engine arrived in 1753. The traction engine is the first type of engine used in the fields in Britain. But they were not self propelled yet so they needed to be pulled by horses. They were used for the farm equipment and to operate sawmills. In the 20th century they were still used. The cars were made with larger steam engines for heavy haulage. They also had a 3-speed gearing and sprung on both front and back axles. When traveling longer there was a large water tank under the car. The engines could pull up to 120 tons. There were also tractors that were popular hauling timber and the engines were less then 5 tons. The most popular tractor was the Garret 4CD. Mining engineer Richard Trevithick of Cornwall built the first self-moving engine. He devoted his whole like of improving the steam engine and other engine builders were Aveling, Burrell, Clayton, Fower, and Garrett. Thomas Savery was an English military engineer who was the first inventor of the steam engine and got the idea from Denis Papins pressure cooker. Some of Saverys invention was the odometer for ships, a device that measured distance traveled Thomas Newcomen was an English blacksmith invented the atmospheric steam engine. ...

Henry V Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Henry V - Essay Example l as an understanding not only of the history of Henry V and how Englishmen generally felt about him but also of the period during which Shakespeare wrote this play reveals that he was entirely sincere in his attempts to honor the man who figures so prominently in the title and the play. The play chronicles the short reign of King Henry V, particularly as it pertains to his campaign in France and victory in Agincourt. This campaign is introduced as a means of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Ely to distract their young king from passing a new bill that would strip the church, and therefore themselves, of a great deal of the riches and lands they’ve been given by noblemen with no sons left to inherit. Henry himself is presented as having completely reformed himself from earlier plays when he used to hang out in low-class bars and is now presented as a towering Christian hero prince. â€Å"Hear him but reason in divinity, / And, all-admiring, with an inward wish, / You would desire the king were made a prelate; / Hear him debate of commonwealth affairs, / You would say it hath been all in his study; / List his discourse of war, and you shall hear / A fearful battle rend’red you in music† (38-44). The bulk of the play takes place as t he King marches his way through France and wins Agincourt as well as his future bride, Catherine of France. One of the claims that Shakespeare was making a parody of King Henry has been based on such speeches as can be found in Act 4, Scene 7 when Fluellen attempts to make a comparison between the King and Alexander the Great, based primarily upon the facts that they were both born in towns that start with the letter M and are both towns that have a river going through it. However, the care that Shakespeare took in writing the play illustrates the importance of the topic to him. â€Å"[Shakespeare] took its serious portions seriously and went beyond the existing theatrical versions of Henry’s career for his

Evaluation of Exploitation of World Politics Using Marxist Theory Essay

Evaluation of Exploitation of World Politics Using Marxist Theory - Essay Example This essay stresses that The paradigm of Marxian production kind of politics where the economically strong exploit the weak has unfortunately laid emphasis on the historical materialism. That is, in the modes of production, yet little attention has been set aside for the historical importance of race difference, state-building, war, morality, and culture, etc. Further, within the confines of Marxian theories, a nation-state’s political vision would be limited to the defense of abolition of class relations and commodity production without clear vision of social order necessary to secure freedom outside the sphere of production. The self-interest perversion have humbled humanity at the mercy of crumbling economic forces and the steadily increasing environmental harm which would soon make the planet inhabitable. This paper makes a conclusion that the modern day politics is marked by exploitation of the economically weak countries by those which are said to be economically giants and developed. Internationalization of production has seen some powerful state take control of the very means of production in the various countries upon which though foreign their influence still dictates the very distribution of the produced goods. The resultant is the creation of hegemonic international social structure where the powerful have full directorship of young and developing nations.

Social iSolation Prompted by Technology & Social Media Research Paper

Social iSolation Prompted by Technology & Social Media - Research Paper Example Today people hardly find time to speak to their neighbors, colleagues, and friends. Instead, they make relations with unknown people around the world through social media. Evidently this situation leads to social isolation, a potential issue affecting the social development process. According to Cacioppo and Hawkley, â€Å"social isolation is defined as the absence of contact with other people and lack of integration to society and includes the perceived feeling of being isolated from others† (as cited in Uribe, 2007, p. 3). Studies indicate that social isolation can cause depression and other long term psychological impacts on the victims. This paper will explore to what extent the obsessive use of technology and social media promote social isolation. It is assumed that the current trend in the use of social media and technology would drastically affect the social lives of individuals, and hence this issue should not be taken lightly. The primary audience of this paper will be anyone who uses social media and similar technologies to connect with family and friends. The secondary audience includes my professor and fellow classmates. Evidently social media and technology are increasingly used by children and young adults as compared to others, and hence they are highly exposed to its negative impacts. As reported by Lenhart, Purcell, Smith and Zickuhr (2010), nearly 72% online young adults extensively used social networking websites on a daily basis as of 2013. The major social media websites used by youngsters include Facebook, Twitter, and You Tube. Today teens and young adults consider social media as a vital part of their life, but they do not recognize the detrimental effects of such social websites on their social skills and personal interactivity. Generally formation of basic social skills including

Reflective Essay: Reflection Techniques and Incidents

Reflective Essay: Reflection Techniques and Incidents Mohammed Islam Reflective Report Strategic Perspectives EXECUTIVE SUMMARY- This paper will provide a reflective analysis of personal experience from a MEGA learning exercise. The MEGA business simulation was undertaken by students from October 2014 to December 2014. It consisted of eight official game weeks with an initial two weeks provided as a practice period. Students were given the opportunity to form groups in order to complete the weekly strategic decisions within the simulation (see appendix). The report will incorporate relevant theories and concepts in relation to reflective analysis and discuss how reflective practice techniques can be useful in analysing the Mega Learning team experience. Moreover, three critical incidents (positive or negative) which have affected the team will be discussed. 1.0 INTRODUCTION- Reflective writing is a regular topic of conversation within academic literature. This is because the idea of reflection itself provides various benefits regardless of the context in which you decide to use it. By deciding to reflect on something an individual is able to look back at the scenario and analyse the situation. This provides the opportunity to determine what happened, why it happened and how it can be changed in the future if the scenario was repeated. Gibbs (1988) postulated that It is not sufficient simply to have an experience in order to learn. Without reflecting upon this experience it may quickly be forgotten, or its learning potential lost. It is from the feelings and thoughts emerging from this reflection that generalisations or concepts can be generated. And it is generalisations that allow new situations to be tackled effectively. Reflective writing enables an individual to critically analyse a scenario and highlight experiences in a structured format. The writer is able to obtain further insights from a range of perspectives including academic literature and self-evaluation. By writing something down an individual has the opportunity to take into account further considerations and provide a deeper reflection of the experiences that have occurred (Schà ¶n, 1987). Thus, reflective writing will provide the ideal process in analysing the Mega Learning team experience. 2.0 Reflective Practise Techniques 2.1 CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE- The Critical Incident Technique was developed in 1954 by John Flanagan with the assistance of various other collaborators. The model of reflection which was originally designed for job analysis purposes is an ideal process in analysing the Mega Learning Team experience. It is suggested that the technique consists of a set of procedures for collecting direct observations of human behaviour. This is done in such a way as to facilitate their potential usefulness in solving practical problems and developing broad psychological principles (Flanagan, 1954: 327). I feel the critical incident technique will provide a simple yet effective method in analysing the team performance within the Mega Learning simulation. Predominantly it will enable myself and others in the group to identify significant incidents whether positive or negative that occurred during the course of the simulation. By having the opportunity to reflect on the simulation through this process, individuals will be able to foc us on specific incidents and therefore critically analyse each situation. Thus, providing a deeper understanding and outlook on what situations occurred, why they occurred and how the scenario can provide a basis to learn from if the scenario where to repeat itself. 2.2 LOGBOOK- The logbook/dairy provided group members the opportunity to record weekly entries throughout the simulation (see appendix 1). This consisted of information regarding the discussions that took place in relation to the simulation and the weekly results. Group members kept a record of what was discussed, who was designated what role and what the strategy/action plan was. I feel the logbook will prove to be an essential and effective tool in analysing the Mega Learning Team experience. It provides a precise verification of a process and assists in reflection of past actions, thus ensuring better decisions can be made in future situations (Schon, 1987). Moreover, it allows students to identify specific critical incidents and refresh our memories on when it occurred and what exactly happened. It provides a source of evidence which cannot be altered or tampered with. Therefore, an individual could not possibly say a situation did or did not occur if it is not listed within this document. Fu rthermore, the logbook required group participation which provided the opportunity for team members to communicate with each other. By taking part in the creation of the logbook, it will help me analyse the Mega Learning team experience more effectively. 3.0 Group Formation Group formation consisted of individuals writing down personal strengths and weaknesses on a piece of paper. This was done in order to form groups of individuals who possess a range of strengths and characteristics. However, initial groups were formed through familiarity as students chose to work with people they knew or had previously worked with. I chose to work with two other individuals who are studying the same course as me because I knew how they operate. I wanted to achieve the best grade possible and I knew that the other two individuals would place maximum effort into achieving this goal. The other team members were attracted through the use of the strengths and weaknesses technique. Our group were on the lookout for individuals with Finance and Human Resources as key skills in order to gain a competitive advantage within the simulation. After reflecting upon this, I feel the method of group formation was justified as there was mix of familiarity along with new additions. Th rough random selection of individuals you are not familiar with it is not guaranteed which type of individuals you will be working with. Therefore, you might have to work with people who do not intend to contribute or place maximum effort into achieving the best grade. Conversely, you may also be placed with brilliant individuals who bring a range of skills and maximum effort to the group. After initial struggles with clarity of individual roles within the team, specialist tasks were delegated to each member of the group. Each team member had a specific task which they had to complete every week. Myself and the rest of the group thought it would be best if everyone had their own task to focus on in order to achieve the best result within the simulation. After reflecting upon this, it is interesting to note that the delegation of roles links significantly to Dr Meredith Belbins (1981, 2012) team roles theory. By reflecting back at the scenario, I am amazed at how each individual un-intentionally falls into specific categories of Belbins team roles. No method was used by our group to match the delegation of tasks/individuals to the roles within Belbins theory. 4.0 Critical Incident 1 (Negative to Positive) Initially, along with the other team members I was very annoyed. I felt that the individual was not attempting to contribute at all in completing the simulation. The team member did not provide any ideas or come to the meetings having looked at the following weeks results. They would just agree with the ideas of the rest of the group but have no opinion themselves. This persisted for a few weeks until I decided to say something to the team member in question. Moreover, I decided to take it upon myself to ask them to contribute more to the group and assist in completing the simulation. I took on the role of the leader and delegated a specific role to the individual and advised them not to be afraid to voice their opinion. This situation correlates with Tuckmans (1965) theory of performing team development model. It relates to the forming stage, which suggests that there is a high dependence on a individual to become a leader for direction and guidance (Tuckman, 1965). Furthermore, this stage highlights the lack of clarity of individual roles and reliance on a specific individual for direction (leader). After delegating the role to the individual the team member blossomed to be a vital part of the team. The individual came to meetings prepared with answers and solutions and started to voice a opinion rather than just agreeing with the rest of the group. After reflecting on this incident and how the outcome came to fruition I would change my approach in future. I would look to intervene as early as possible to reap the rewards of the individuals contribution at a earlier stage. This will provide significant benefits for team and individual morale and therefore increase productivity and improve the results of the simulation. 5.0 Critical Incident 2 (Negative) Initially, I did not mind taking a leading role within the simulation as I found it to be challenging. However, analysing the results and trying to decide the correct strategy became time consuming as well as stressful. Other team members were providing opinions and suggesting changes but were doing so without looking at previous results. Thus, providing random solutions which does not follow a strategy and may not result in a positive outcome. After the team meetings I also had to finalise the changes and submit the final decision. At the time the incident occurred I was attempting to make a decision which was challenging, I was unsure on why certain negative results had been occurring. I over-reacted and decided to make my feelings which I had been holding back for a number of weeks clear to the rest of my group. This was done in a unprofessional and aggressive manner as it was a heat of the moment response. After taking time to reflect upon this and although my team members were over reliant on me, I should not have reacted in the manner I did. I was getting frustrated of having to complete the majority of the workload myself and at the moment in time was struggling to understand a certain aspect of the simulation. However, I should have advised them of the way I feel in a considerate and professional manner. By doing this, I would have avoided the need for confrontation with the rest of the group. Through the use of Gibbs (1988) model for reflection (see fig 1), I have been able to reflect upon this incident and identify the things that I could have done differently. If the scenario arose again, I would approach the situation in a different manner to result in a positive outcome for the group. From this experience I have learnt that at times I can over-react or say something in a aggressive manner which may be taken in the wrong context by others. 6.0 Critical Incident 3 (Negative) I was extremely frustrated when I realised that someone had replicated my work and decided to complete the task that I was designated to do. Other members of the group all believed that they had completed the work which was delegated to them and the opposite person did the wrong task. This resulted in a group confrontation which caused friction between the group. I was adamant that I completed the correct task and I made this very clear. However, after reflecting on the scenario I have come to realise that the delegation of roles was not clarified or done clearly, Thus, causing confusion between the team members about who is doing what task. Before actually looking at what was discussed and designated the previous week, all group members including myself decided to jump to conclusions and become defensive. The whole group were very vocal that they had completed the correct task and therefore had no intentions in finding out how this occurred or if a solution can be identified. Looking back at this, I should have tried to control the situation instead of contributing to it and letting it get out of hand. By taking the time to reflect on this particular scenario I have come to realise that patience and understanding are key principles of effective team work. Everyone makes mistakes and by neutralising the situation a potential solution can be found in order to resolve the original issue. If I am faced with a similar situation again, I will look to my leadership skills to analyse and take control of the situation. This will allow me to turn a negative scenario into a positive outcome by providing a positive influence and sense of direction to the rest of my team members. Leadership is defined as being a process whereby one individual influences other group members towards the attainment of defined group and organisational goals (Barron Greenburg, 1990). Another definition of leadership is provided by Rollinson and Broadfield (2002) who postulates that leader ship is a procedure that enables a leader and other members of a group interact in a way which provides the significant individual (leader) to influence the actions of the rest of the group in a non-coercive manner. Thus, directing the team towards the achievement of specific aims or objectives (Rollinson Broadfield, 2002). 7.0 Conclusion In conclusion the Mega Learning simulation has developed a range of transferable skills including effective teamwork, strategic development and implementation and also reflecting thinking. I have improved my ability to work as part of a team, taking into consideration other individuals strengths and weaknesses and using them as a basis to achieve positive outcomes. Moreover, I have significantly improved my communication skills throughout the process which will benefit me greatly in future organisational and team activities that I undertake. The experience of the Mega simulation correlates to Kolbs Learning Cycle (1984), the first three elements consist of Concrete Experience, Observations and Reflections and Abstract conceptualisation (development of ideas) (Kolb, 2014). The influences of my learning experience will assist me significantly in future scenarios and this relates to the fourth element of Active Experimentation (Kolb, 2014). The ability to learn from experiences is an im portant life skill which contribute to the shaping of a individual. David Kolb postulates that Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience† (Kolb, 1984, p. 38). 8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY Baron, R, A and Greenberg, J, (1990). Behaviour in organisations: understanding and managing the human side of work. Allyn and Bacon Belbin, M, (2012). Management Team: Why they succeed or fail. Second edition. Routledge, 2012 Belbin Associates. (2012).Belbin Team Roles.Available: http://www.belbin.com/rte.asp?id=8. Last accessed 1st Feb 2015 Buelens, M, Sinding, K., Waldstrom, C., Kreitner, R., and Kinicki, A. (2011) Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition: McGrawHill Higher Education Flanagan, J.C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4): 327–358. Gibbs, G, (1988), Learning by Doing. A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. FEU Kolb, D, A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development(Vol. 2). FT Press, 2014 Kolb, D. A. (1984).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development(Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Luthans, F. (2011) Organisational Behaviour: An Evidence-Based Approach, 12th Edition: McGrawHill McLeod, S, A. (2010) Kolb Learning Styles. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html McShane, S. L. and Von Glinow, M. A. (2012) Organisational Behaviour: Emerging Knowledge, Global Reality, 6th Edition: McGraw-Hill Rollinson, D Broadfield, A, (2002).Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Schà ¶n, DA, (1987),Educating the reflective practitioner, Jossey-Bass. San Francisco. Tuckman, B, (1965). Development sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin 63: 384-399. APPENDIX 1: Log-book / Diary The aim of this is to give you guidance as to how to plan working together in your team for your first assignment. Develop an action plan by answering the following questions: What are we supposed to be doing? What action needs to be taken? By whom? What time scale? What support is needed from the rest of the team? What to do if a team member has a problem in completing his/her task? What to do with someone who will not do any work or will not work as part of the team? Time chart Team Members: a) Nisbah Marta Mohammed Lucio James If the following sheet is not enough – please use additional notes on black page per week – example is available on page 7 (The titles of the columns will be explained in the lecture/seminars.) Reflective ReportPage 1

President Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal :: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Westernized modern countries such as the United States have an immense economic market in which it has allowed America to be prosperous and has created opportunities for many people. Millions of people from all over the world migrate to the United States in seek of a better life and opportunity and to live the so called â€Å"American Dream.† When President Franklin D. Roosevelt took the presidency in the year 1933, â€Å"the country was in its depth of the Great Depression.† (Neal 2010) The Great Depression was a Economic Stock Market crash in which not only did it affect the citizens of the United States but also created havoc worldwide, especially international trade relations. When the Stock Market crashed, people were worried what would happen to the country. People were being laid off, businesses being closed, and unemployment rate was rising day by day, causing even more turmoil throughout the country. Nonetheless, president Roosevelt had something else in mind to reduce the unemployment rate. Roosevelt along with his democratic party created the â€Å"New Deal†, in which it created different relief jobs helping reduce unemployment. Although President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped reduce unemployment by the means of programs such as the WPA, and CWA, these methods were not effective because the government spending of these projects created inflation and no tax cuts were being made, making the New Deal a slow process. First of all, when president Franklin D. Roosevelt took office, he had to win the trust of the of the citizens during his campaign, by proposing his ideologies, one of them being his Work Progress Administration, also known as the WPA. According to a scholarly article called, â€Å"The Dynamics of Relief Spending and the Private Urban Labor Market During the New Deal† written by three Economic professors and affiliated with the National Bureau of Economics, they emphasize Roosevelt’s beliefs and intentions to restore the country. They write, â€Å"In response to the massive unemployment of the 1930’s, Roosevelt’s New Deal in 1933 introduced the first federal relief programs targeted at the poor and unemployed†¦ he anticipated that the work relief jobs would boost consumer spending and thus increase demand for labor, which would then raise private employment and earnings.† (Neumann, Fishback, Kantor) This quote shows that programs such as these relief jobs, would not only be able to get the people back to work, but also get the economy up and running again.

Five Important Nataraja Shrines of Tamil Nadu Essay

There are lots of temples in Tamil Nadu where Siva is worshipped as Nataraja. Lord Siva, as the god of dance is known as Nataraja. There are lots of temples in India and especially in Tamil Nadu where Siva is worshipped as Nataraja. But, there are mainly five places in Tamil Nadu where the cult of Nataraja is worshipped with gaiety and pomp. The dancing deity Nataraja can be seen in these Pancha sabbas or five halls of Tamil Nadu. The five temples – Chidhambaram, Maduarai, Thiruvilankadu, Tirunelveli and Kutralam, are very revered and is known as the five sabhas. It is said Lord Shiva has danced at these five places as Nataraja – the dancing form of Shiva, to benefit different devotees. Kanaka Sabha: The most important shrine for Nataraja is the Kanaka Sabha or golden hall at Chidambaram. The Nataraja dances here in the Ananda Tandava or the dance of bliss form and he is called Kanaka Sabhapati or the Lord of the Golden Hall. This temple has been sung in a lot of Dhevaram and Thiruvasakam. Here Lord Shiva is worshipped in all the three forms, namely, arupa – which is called chitambara rahasyam, aruparupa – shiva lingam and rupa – nataraja. Nataraja was the favourite deity of the Chola kings of Tanjavur and hence they kept idol of Nataraja in all the Siva temples built by them in various places in their empire in Tamil Nadu and all over in South India. Chidambaram marks an important stage of evolution of southern Indian architecture. Rajatha Sabha: Rajatha Sabha or silver hall (velli ambalam) at the Minakshi Sundareshwarar temple in Madurai is another important Natarja shrine of Tamil Nadu. Nataraja is shown in a very rare posture here. He is shown his right leg raised and dancing on the dwarf (apasmara purusha) with his left foot. Both the main image of stone (moolavar) and the processional image (utsava murti) in this shrine are in unusual posture. The usual posture of Nataraja is dancing with his right leg placed on the dwarf with his left leg upraised. The change in posture of Nataraja here is linked with the legend (sthala-purana) of this place. It is said that the Pandyan king of Madurai was a devotee of Nataraja and under pressure from a rival Chola king, tried to master dance. But while trying to do so, he realised the difficulty of the task. He was filled with agony to see his favourite deity dancing with his right foot always as he did feel while doing himself. So, he prayed Lord Nataraja to change his posture so that he does not get tired in a same posture. The Lord listened to his request and changed his posture. So, Nataraja is seen dancing on his left foot here. One of the five important shrines of Nataraja can be seen at Madurai in Tamil Nadu. Here the dancing posture of Ambalavanan (Lord Siva) with ten hands can be seen only in the Velli ambalam at Madurai. Here the dance performed by Nataraja is known as Paramananda Thandavam and also as Chokka Thandavam. It is also known as Sundara Tandavam. Tamra Sabha: Another important Nataraja shrine of Tamil Nadu is situated at the Nellaiappar temple in Tirunelveli. The Tamra Sabha or the hall of copper is found here in the vast campus. Here the icon of Lord Siva is made of Bronze and is encircled by a prabha or aura of very attractive workmanship. It is said that the Nataraja image here was originally in the temple of Agnishwaram. Once a fire out broke here and then it was kept on the bed of a river. Later, it was brought to the Nellaiappar temple and worshipped here. Ratna Sabha: The Ratna Sabha or the hall of rubies in Tiruvalangadu is another important Nataraja shrine of Tamil Nadu. It takes approximately two hours from Chennai by road to reach Tiruvalangadu. The Lord here is called Ratna Sabhapati or the Lord of the Hall of rubies. There is a mythical story related to this place and the shrine. It is said that once Siva and Kali had a dance contest. At that time Kali was in a very angry mood and could not be pacified easily. Initially, Kali gave a better performance than Siva. But, later Nataraja (Siva) performed the Tandava dance also known as the Chanda (terrific) tandava and lifted his leg up above his head. Then, Kali out of modesty accepted her defeat. Lord Nataraja won the contest but he also declared that Kali was second to none than himself in dance. There is a very stunning metal image of eight-armed Siva dancing in the Urdlwa Tandava can be seen in this temple. There is also a small shrine nearby and there is another metal image of Kali who is also eight-armed can be seen. Chitra Sabha: The last among the five Nataraja shrines in Tamil Nadu is situated at Kuttralam. The Chitra Sabha or the hall of paintings is found here in Kuttralam, which is famous for its waterfalls. Here the lord Siva is known as the Kuttralanathan. But, all the rituals conducted here are first offered for Nataraja and then for Kuttralanathan. Here, Nataraja is known as Ananda Nata-rajeshwarar or the God of Blissful Dance. Kuttralam has nine Water Falls: 1. Main falls 2. Chitaruvi 3.Shenpagadevi falls 4. Thenaruvi 5. Five falls 6. Orchard falls 7. New falls 8. Tiger falls 9. Old Courtallam falls. Legends on Chitrasabhai goes like – The wedding of Shiva and Parvathi attracted huge celestial crowd at Himalaya that Shiva requested Saint Agastyar to proced southwards to balance the earth, and Agastyar is said to have created the Shivalingam here by shrinking an image of Vishnu, hence the name Kutralam. The Chitra Sabha is located outside the areas of the main temple. It is actually a huge hall built in a typical Kerala style. A huge painting of Nataraja in Tanjavur style can be seen here.

Coordination of Conjunctions and Punctuation

Coordination of Conjunctions and Punctuation Coordination of Conjunctions and Punctuation Coordination of Conjunctions and Punctuation By Mark Nichol When a conjunction is inserted into a sentence to separate two cumulative elements of the sentence, where commas, if any, are correctly positioned depends on the syntactical structure of the sentence regardless of whether a parenthetical phrase complicates the sentence. In each sentence with parenthesis below, the punctuation is not appropriate for the syntax. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and a revision provides a solution. 1. That debate could place everything on the table and, for that reason, significant tax reform in 2017 may prove challenging to achieve. This sentence consists of two independent clauses interrupted by the modifying phrase â€Å"for that reason† (which introduces the second clause). Without that phrase, the sentence would read, â€Å"That debate could place everything on the table, and significant tax reform in 2017 may prove challenging to achieve.† In the original sentence, â€Å"for that reason† is treated as a parenthetical phrase and is therefore bracketed by commas, but it is an introductory phrase, and so only the following comma is necessary: â€Å"That debate could place everything on the table, and for that reason, significant tax reform in 2017 may prove challenging to achieve.† 2. The business recently acted on the recommendation, and early on in its transformation process, has already generated valuable time and money-saving efficiencies. Here, the second part of the sentence shares the subject â€Å"the business,† so that section of the sentence is not an independent clause. The root sentence is â€Å"The business recently acted on the recommendation and has already generated valuable time and money-saving efficiencies.† Therefore, the punctuation should frame the parenthesis: â€Å"The business recently acted on the recommendation and, early on in its transformation process, has already generated valuable time and money-saving efficiencies.† 3. We observed several cases in which models were built solely based on a quantitative approach, and, as a result, generated poor model fit and model performance. This example has the same syntactical structure as the previous one but includes both a comma intended to separate independent clauses and a pair of commas to set off the parenthetical. However, the part of the sentence following the parenthetical is not an independent clause, so the first comma is an error: â€Å"We observed several cases in which models were built solely based on a quantitative approach and, as a result, generated poor model fit and model performance.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?Advance vs. Advanced

Health and Wellness Program Essays

Health and Wellness Program Essays Health and Wellness Program Essay Health and Wellness Program Essay Visual Literacy in Business Health and Wellness Program Dr. Ashish Godbole October 9, 2010 Due to the rising costs of health care insurance, it would be very beneficial to employees as well as Companies/Organizations themselves to implement a health and wellness program in work places. Facilitating a Health and Wellness Program in the workplace is the greatest assessment an employer can make because it would be an investment in their most valuable asset, the employees. With there being more urgency today than ever before, America is under pressure to be productive even as healthcare costs proceed to rise and bombard the most important resource, the employees. Research and data show: Health and Wellness in the workplace that contain fitness machinery have lowered employer healthcare expenditure by 20 to 55 %. Unnecessary sicknesses make up 70 % of illness expenditure in the U. S. The study of Health and Wellness in the workplace indicate that by lowering any one health risk factor, a person’s productivity on the job can increase by 9 % and lower absenteeism by 2 %. For every one dollar that a company spends on a Health and Wellness program in the workplace, it receives an average network profit of $3. 40 to $7. 88 (InfiniteHealthCoach. com, 2008, Health and Wellness in the Workplace). The achievement of any company/organization relies greatly upon the production and work performance of its employees. The ability to do a job and do it at a hig h level time and again is significantly aided by Health and Wellness Programs. They focus on the physical health of the employees, ensuring medical requirements and personal health as a main concern. The Police Athletic League has been instrumental in giving children and teenagers the chance to have a different life, by giving them the opportunity to participate in different activities. This enables the law enforcers to mould young children into responsible citizens and in enhancing the relationship between the police officers and the community. The Bergenfield Police Athletic League has many athletic and sporting programs, in addition to other recreational activities such as going on field trips. Although the league has taken the effort of ensuring that it provides many activities for children to participate in, the programs have limitations which include cost and age limitation. The age and cost limits have denied many children a chance to participate in the activities and benefit from other programs offered. A careful analysis of the existing resources from different sectors and stakeholders will reveal whether it is possible for the league to support free sports programs, and include a wider age group in their product and service offering. The league offers different activities with the registration fee ranging from $20-$50, depending on the form of the activity and the participating age group. Other costs involved include travel costs, which the league sets at $250, late fees, and fundraiser fees (Bergenfield PAL-a, 2013). Children over the age of 12 cannot participate in some of the programs. Only boys aged 5-12 have the opportunity of participating in baseball. However, girls can continue participating in softball up to the age of seventeen. Children over the age of 14 cannot participate in indoor soccer. The age limitations mean that many teenagers over the age of fifteen miss any opportunities of participating in different sporting activities. The cost may seem minimal for some people, but some families from low income families do not have the extra money to spare to register their children for different activities. This is a monumental problem because it has led to many teenagers missing the chance of accessing h ealth and wellness programs Offering free programs to the youth in the area and increasing the age limit will solve the problem, by giving more youth the chance to participate in different programs. However, for the league to do this, it has to look for alternative means of getting the funds for different logistics. The league needs money for various purposes, even though it gets the services of volunteers. To do this, the league has to identify different companies, institutions, and individuals willing to sponsor and contribute to the program. Already, different businesses in the town sponsor the teams. The sponsors include Burger King, Chase Bank, and Nissan among others. The sponsorship from the different businesses helps in providing equipment and uniforms for the teams. There is a need to source for additional funding from different sources so that the league can eliminate any costs and charges required from the participants, get support from supplementary coaches, which will ensure additional activities i ncluded in the program, and manage to incorporate older teenagers in different programs. The league can get additional funding by involving the entire community. This includes making more people in the community aware of the existence and importance of the program and asking them to support the programs. Individuals can make their donations by contributing money and services. The league can also seek the partnership of additional businesses in the region. The participation of additional businesses will increase the sponsorship to the league. The league needs to identify the different areas where it incurs costs. Seeking volunteers to handle some of these sectors will reduce the need for expenses in those sectors. The league can get further money by participating in different fundraising activities. Currently, the league charges families fundraising fees, and even though the amount is small, some low income families cannot afford to make the sacrifice. One of the methods used for raising funds is holding an event which will ensure the participation of all the members of t he community. The event should be something that all the members in a family can enjoy and participate in, irrespective of the gender, age, or ability of the people involved. Proposal After a careful evaluation of the programs offered by the Bergenfield Police Athletic League, there is an obvious need to improve and enhance the programs offered by making them more inclusive. The potential funding received from donors and other sponsors will give the league additional funding for their activities. The youth in Bergenfield can have the opportunity of benefiting from the health and wellness program of their police force. The children who participate in different programs offered by the league have no continuation program, which will ensure that they keep busy after school. Some of the children cannot afford summer camps and other after school activities. Providing different activities will increase the number of opportunities that young children and teenagers have. The Bergenfield All-Inclusive Integrated Program (BAIP) will ensure that all the children and the teenagers get the chance to participate in the different programs offered by Bergenfield Police Athletic Le ague. I have developed this program, having considered the identified limitations of the current program. BAIP will increase the number of programs that the youth can participate in during weekday evenings and on weekends. It will increase the number of sports and other recreational that the participants can join, and it will increase the age group in the existing sport activities. The additional sport activities to be offered in the program will include gymnastics, golf, football, fencing, and martial arts. Additional recreational activities in the program include fishing, lessons in art, dancing, cooking, and crafts (National Association of Police Athletic/Activities League, Inc., 2013). All coaches and teachers for the various programs are volunteers, who have experience in the different areas. The people interested in golf, fishing, and fencing will only do so during the weekends. All the other activities are offered during the weekends as well as weekday evenings. The participants in all the additional activities will be split into three age groups; 9-11, 12-15 and 16-18. The existing sponsors will continue providing uniforms and equipment for the other activities. The additional businesses contacted for additional sponsorship will provide equipment for the other activities. Their efforts will be supplemented by the additional individual donations, and the funds realized from the fundraising events organized. The events can be organized three times per year, to ensure that there are adequate funds to cover for the additional activities. Other than football, golf, and fishing, it is possible to do the activities throughout the year since most of them can be done indoors. I hope that, by increased awareness, additional people in the area will become interested in volunteering their services. There are many youths in Bergenfield who would want to participate in the programs offered by the Police Athletics League. More interactions with the law enforcers will give the youth and children a chance to learn more about the importance of maintaining the law, and what they can do to prevent crime in their region. In addition, the children and the youth will be more comfortable with the police and this will enable them to seek assistance wherever they are in need. Participating in different recreational and sport programs with the officers is a different experience from that realized when the participants do the same activities alone or with their families. This is because the youth get a chance to learn and they have a positive influence and role models. Therefore, every effort should be made to ensure that the programs continue and that they are accessible to everyone. References: Bergenfield PAL-a (2013). Bergenfield police athletic league. Retrieved from bergenfieldpal.net/home/home_main.htm Bergenfield PAL-a (2013). 2013 PAL fall recreation Bergenfield united travel outdoor soccer. Retrieved from bergenfieldpal.net/soccer/soccer_registration.htm National Association of Police Athletic/Activities League, Inc. (2013). Programs offered by PALs across the nation. Retrieved from nationalpal.org/programs

Influence of IT on our lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Influence of IT on our lives - Essay Example Sheltering information has been at the center of all industries and concerted efforts have been made in order to conserve the critical data that gives an edge in today's globally influenced economies. IT has seriously influenced our lives and its impact is being felt on medicine, business, engineering and now even on the activities of governments. It is being increasingly utilized to ease the way in which work is undertaken and at the same time to simplify the activities of information manipulation and preservation. In this fast paced world demands are increasing with expanding populations and shrinking time frame has placed huge constraints on governments, which finds itself strangled in the dominance of technology. The need of the hour therefore is to expand the role of IT in the public sector and to make use of the precise technologies at the right time. Debates have been held throughout the past decade to analyze the role of IT implementation in the UK governance. In the meantime continuous research has been conducted by UK administration and a number of developments have been made that marked the expansion of IT in the UK's Public sector. Huge budgets have been streamlined towards this issue and the first step for IT enhancement was the development of an online portal that was aimed at providing information to the UK nationals through other web links. Unfortunately the idea was not successful with the English population but it registered the foundation for public sector IT development in the country and it was followed up by the launch of an entirely functional website in 2004.These websites have aimed at automating tasks such as billing and tax paying, and have helped UK citizens in saving the most valued resource of time. A number of accusations have been made regarding the insufficient utilization of resources and UK government has been charged for blindly depending on the wave of Information Technology instead of focusing on the needs of the people. In a report published by the Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR) UK, the government was advised to ensure that IT innovation was lead by the needs of the publi c rather than by blind faith in technology. A number of recommendations were also made and the government was primarily asked to concentrate on issues like service quality, user satisfaction and time saving. A Manifesto for a Digital Britain has been adopted that are structured around policies of modernizing, recognizing and delineating in order to modernize Britain's public institutions and economy. Various developments have hence been made that are focused on providing the right things to the public these include the vehicle licensing website, the chip and spin technology and the congestion charge to enable automation of the public sector. Chip and PIN Chip and PIN is the name that has been taken for the new EMV Card Payments System designed to supplement and ultimately substitute magnetic stripe payment cards in Europe. It was designed by Europay, Mastercard and Visa, and the specifications for this new technology are managed by EMVCo, a company specially created for that purpose. Chip and PIN has been regarded as the biggest change that has occurred to the payment methods and it is being claimed to be the simplest

Qualitative Social Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualitative Social Research - Essay Example used to define the control and social control mechanisms of the state in terms of gender, stating that males are in a position of power and women in one of sublimation. As one source shows, using a qualitative method of case study analysis, patriarchy can be applied to the role of the state in women’s issues to explain inequities in the system. â€Å"The social roles men and women occupy may account for gender differences... Women are thought to have poorer experiences within any given role (role strain theory), have more conflicts among their different roles (role-configuration theory), or have fewer role opportunities available to them (role accumulation hypothesis) compared to men† (Ericsson and Ciarlo, 2000). These researchers realize that there are also other various gender role theories which use the patriarchy as a target of oppression and as a way of explaining why women in state institutions have sometimes been overrepresented historically in terms of certain perceived illnesses that were often socially based. Other sources take a more cultural view, rather than a social and historical view, when it comes to the problem of gender and how it has developed to the modern day. â€Å"Television’s first and strongest impact is on the perception that women have of the public male world and the place they have in it. Television is an especially potent force for integrating women because television brings the public domain to women† (Spigel, 2001). This is one common argument using popular culture, and represents the search for a more personal vision. â€Å"Postwar media often suggested that television would increased women’s social isolation from public life by reinforcing spatial hierarchies that had already defined their everyday experiences in patriarchal cultures† (Spigel. 2001). There are many perspectives with which to define these issues. Although feminist perspectives on gender may focus on historical change within their portrayals, they are