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Monday, September 30, 2019
Building construction for fire services
Steel is one of the important elements of construction industry because it is widely used in the construction of railways, roads and buildings. Steel provide numbers of advantage in the construction industry due to its special characteristics such as it is more stronger in respect to the wood, more eco-friendlily (because it is easily recyclable), not deteriorate, rot, warp, bed or twist, resistant to fire, hurricanes, tsunami and earthquakes, resistant to termites and insects, requires low weight interior walls and easily used in difficult building locations.As like other materials it has also some limitations such as it is, more expensive than wood and it requires skilled professional contractors for construction. Steel play a important role in fire fighting industry and also makes the job of fire fighter easier. Firefighter is trained person who save life, property, aid and assist during natural disaster. They used several equipments in their work for eg. Ladder trucks, pamper tru cks, fire house ad fire extinguishers which are all constructed of steel due to its light weight in handling and stronger than other metal, more durability.The well-coated steel pipes helps in continues flow of water and there by immediate control on fire. As steel provides number of advantages to fire fighters but it also creates hurdles in performing their task because it frequently react to environment and forms rust which result immediate linkage pipe and damage of pipe. Steel is very easily prone to fire because of its high melting point therefore; it is always advisable to use such material, which is in flammable to prevent smoke and damage or to limit the fire to small areas.Therefore, from above discussion, we can conclude that steel play a crucial role in the development of fire industry but it is affected by certain limitations. Therefore, it is advisable to use steel by acting appropriately then only it is most successful. The fire fighters should take appropriate steps t o successfully rescue their operation Reference: Referred to sites: 1. http://www. smart-homeowner. com/articles/9651/pros and cons of steel framing. 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Firefighter/Fire fighter dated 1st July 2007
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Early Marriage Essay
1. Introduction Marriage, as a fundamental social and cultural institution and as the most common milieu for bearing and rearing children, profoundly shapes sexual behaviours and practices. It is undeniable that early marriage is a controversial yet hot topic that gets the attention of the professionals across many fields such as economy, psychology and sociology. The age at first marriage variegates across the globe. Being married before the age of 18 has been a social norm in third world countries [refer to Appendix A]. The percentage of women being married before age 8 is estimated from 20 to 50 percent in average in developing countries Ooyce, et al. , 2001). But then, developed countries are unlikely to experience the resembling pattern of matrimony. The marital union is normally delayed too long although this practise is believed to bring the most apparent reason for the breakdown in sexual ethics (Orsi, 2001). Out of its wealth and egoistic, western society chooses to marry later in life until they have built a decent maturity in age, education and financial state. As early marriage is widely practiced in developing countries, a global issue has risen as to whether early marriage does really hinder self development due to the consequences it brings to young girls. The practice is believed to bring several benefits to some extent. However, the adverse effects it brings can impede the self- development of young adolescences in many aspects including health consequences, character building and education as well as career opportunities. 1. 2 Purpose of Research The main purpose of this research is to discover students’ opinion about early marriage. Do they agree with early marriage or not. The second goal is to know hether early marriage brings either benefits or harms to students. Even though early marriage is already becoming a social norm in the third world countries [refer to Appendix A] the society still does not fully aware of this phenomenon. Thus the third goal of this research is to increase the awareness of the society regarding early marriage. 1. 3 Method of Research For the purpose of this research, relevant information was obtained from internet and books. This report is divided into several parts such as background information, factors that lead to early marriage, advantages and disadvantages of early marriage, s well as either early marriage can impede self development of young adolescence or not. A set of questionnaire will be distributed to 35 SAM student of INTI as it is the best measurement scale to gain people’s response without anyone sitting on the fence (Faculty Senate Advancement of Teaching (AOT) Committee, 2004). An interview also will be conducted as part of the research techniques
Saturday, September 28, 2019
After School Activities and the Effect on Student Academic Performance Essay
Due to an increase in concern surrounding the academic performance of students, a growth in the number of mothers working outside of the home and the risks surrounding children who are unsupervised after school a national concern has been raised as to the after school activities that captivate the students’ attention. As the result of numerous studies showed the manner in which students spend their time after school is dismissed significantly influenced the students’ behavior a number of after-school programs were created. In a study performed by the National Center for Education their findings showed the number of schools providing extended programs for elementary and middle school students increased drastically between 1987 and 1999, an increase from 16% to 47%. [1]       As the various research studies conducted focusing on after-school student activities, researchers began to report their findings surrounding the sudden implementation of school affiliated after school programs. Many reported results that not only showed an increase in academic achievement, they also revealed that as a result the safety of the children improved and an overall reduction in â€Å"negative behaviors such as drug and alcohol use†had occurred.  [1]  One study performed by White, Russell and Birmingham in 2004 reported that one afterschool program increased the overall student attendance and also had a positive impact on the scores students were receiving in mathematics, a subject that has proven to be a struggle to many students. There were studies; however that reported findings where no change as well as negative change had occurred. These reports however, were very few. [1]     Marzano’s study performed in 2003 uncovered 11 factors that afterschool activities influence student behavior, which were then divided into three categories – â€Å"school level practices, teacher-level practices and student-level characteristics.† School level practices involve policies and initiatives within the educational facility; teacher-level practices focus on the activities directly under the teacher’s control; and the student-level characteristics are items that are related to the student’s actual background. [2]     Marzano’s study found that the school and teacher level practices gave the institution and the educator the opportunity to focus on various improvements possible to improve the quality of education provided to the students. An interesting finding revealed that â€Å"only 20% of the variance in student achievement and that on a student-level characteristics account for an astounding 80%.†[2] As a result, educators came to the realization that in order to increase the level of impact on student achievement, educators must turn their focus on student-level characteristics, which consist of focusing on students’ â€Å"home environment, background knowledge and motivation.† [2] More specific, â€Å"educators can affect three factors of the home environment: parents’ communication with their child about schoolwork, parents’ supervision of their child’s homework, and parents’ communication of their expectations for academic achievement.† [2] Through the act of providing an education for parents and creating a â€Å"home away from home†for students, after school programs can have a positive influence on the overall success of their students in and out of the academic environment. [2]     Marzano suggested that educators should pay careful attention to the knowledge students have already obtained concerning their personal environment, as this has a significant impact on their success in the classroom. Specifically, â€Å"What students already know about academic content is one of the strongest indicators of how well they will learn new information.† [2] This study concluded that after school programs can stimulate improved academic performance if staff members developed methods â€Å"for enhancing students’ background knowledge include direct academic-oriented experiences; virtual experiences and vocabulary instruction.† [2]     Marzano’s study also stressed the benefits of the cultural exposure through fine art and museums as well as the Internet for students. Data revealed that by simply having access to â€Å"a computer and a high speed Internet connection, students can visit the Egyptian pyramids at Google Earth, investigate the science of skateboarding at the Exploratorium.edu or watch an Elephant Seal in action at NationalGraphic.com† without having to leave the building to gain exposure. [2] As many studies revealed, low income students stood to benefit from these activities the most, as the opportunity to experience such a wide range of activities was limited. Many parents who were economically challenged not only lacked the funds to provide certain extras for their children, such as an Internet connection, they lacked the educational background to convey their experiences. [2]     Sandra Hofferth and Zita Jankuniene conducted a study in 2001 that posed specific questions surrounding how students spent their time once school had been dismissed. The focus was placed on preadolescent students and investigated where students went after school and who they spent time with once they had arrived. The study revealed that students spend approximately 30% of their time free from obligations and supervision weekly and the activities performed during this time has been shown to have a profound impact on â€Å"their long-term achievement and social adjustment.† [3]     Hofferth and Jankuniene identified several factors that they feel should concern educators. One interesting fact uncovered was the fact that 73% of the children surveyed went directly home once school was dismissed and that the dominant activity these particular students performed was watching television. Two other common activities were reported from children who returned home after school were playing and reading, the statistics were divided equally between the two. Approximately 15% of the students studied reported participating in afterschool sports activities and 10% revealed that they engaged in â€Å"passive leisure,†which consisted of listening to music or sitting around without activity. [2] The students reported that they spent their time in an after-school program was revealed to be approximately 8% of the group studied. These students reported that they spent their time after school participating in sports, art activities, socializing with others and playing. Only 1% of students participating in after school programs reported that they watched television, as it was not easily accessed in this environment.  [3]     Once data was gathered and organized it revealed that the activities students reported varied, however some findings were consistent. Every student that took part in the study reported that a large percentage of time was spent at home,. Because of the extended time spent in their home environment, the majority of time he or she spent studying after school took place in the student’s home. In modern society this produces various implications, one of which is that both parents are most likely to work outside of the home and as a result the number of children spending their time at home after school is decreasing. As students’ time at home decreases, so does their time spent reading, which is â€Å"the activity most strongly and consistently associated with student achievement.† [3] Yet another implication identified was the fact that even if the focus on reading and studying took place in the presence of a parent, low income families where parents have less education are less likely to provide accurate attention to the student’s progress. Children from low income families were also found to be less likely to participate in organized activities, such as sports, that were not affiliated with the school. These children were found more likely to participate in structured activities if they were presented and organized by the public school system.  [3]     Researchers found that school-based programs provided a safe and supervised environment where students stand to benefit from organized activities that stimulate participation and attention to academic activities. One significant factor that educators face is the fact that as students grow older and mature they prefer the unsupervised environment as they are able to freely â€Å"relax, read and watch television.† [3] For educators to attract the attention of these students, after school programs need to take into account â€Å"the need for independence and self-determination as well as the need for supervision and help with homework.† [3] Preadolescents are a particular challenge to educators; however the statistics showed that the time spent after school is imperative to a student’s performance. [3]      Not all studies have reported results that are overwhelmingly positive, as a national evaluation of 21st Century Community Learning Center after school programs revealed that â€Å"programs affected the type of care and supervision students received after school†but their â€Å"academic outcomes were not affected and they had more incidents of negative behavior.† [3] This particular study analyzed the behavior of 2,308 elementary students that showed an interest in attending a center and to accurately obtain data for this particular study these students were assigned randomly to a treatment or control group. The findings that feelings of safety significantly increased did not have a clear basis on which researchers could identify, as the programs shifted students from parental care to unfamiliar adults. Some speculation was placed on the fact that these programs decreased the amount of time students spent caring for themselves, however this particular study did not address this issue. [1]     The study identified a number of key factors that might offer an explanation to the lack of improvement in academic outcomes.   One key factor being the fact that there was no coordination between the regular school day curriculum and the afterschool programming, which staff concluded that they came to understand this as a necessity during the study.  Researchers reported that â€Å"coordination was weak or nonexistent†when outside staff made an attempt to coordinate with teachers, â€Å"using burdensome processes such as having teachers send homework assignments to programs or share lesson plans with them.† [1] The coordination of curriculums was far more successful and consistent if both the school educator and staff responsible for after school activities took place in the same location. [1]     Yet another aspect uncovered imperative to the after-school program’s success was attendance. Researchers revealed that a student’s attendance â€Å"may need to pass some minimum threshold before gains are realized.† [1] Students who attended the program regularly and more consistent than others showed positive outcomes, however the study reported â€Å"we cannot draw causal inference from that analysis.† [1] Also shown to have an effect on students’ focus was the amount of time spent focusing on academic activities, as the program’s structure was far more fragmented into various activities such as â€Å"snacks, cultural enrichment, recreation, arts and music.†   [1] Researchers admitted the fact that it is quite possible that if the amount of time focusing on academics was increased it is quite possible these findings would have revealed different results. [1]     The results of this particular study, unlike studies completed by other researchers, were inconsistent and did show that some students benefitted from the structured afterschool environment. They reported that â€Å"By design, the centers included in the study were those that could support random assignment, and those estimates from the study do not represent average impacts of all 21st Century centers serving elementary students.† [1] In order for solid and consistent findings to be revealed, another study would have to take place.     In 2001 Cosden, Morrison, Albanese and Macias provided a summary of the outcome of a number of studies that had been conducted on the level of influence students receive from their after school activities. Their summary began by focusing on the fact that when unsupervised, some students have a tendency to act in a negative fashion by committing various crimes. They revealed that the US Department of Justice reported that the peak time for juvenile crime takes place between the hours of 3pm and 7pm on school days, â€Å"the period after school until parents typically return from work.† [4] The Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report also suggested that this study found that â€Å"after-school programs have greater potential for reducing juvenile crime than imposition of a juvenile curfew.† [4] The students most likely to commit these acts were those students that have been identified as at-risk students, many from families that have limited incomes. [4] The government stressed the importance of creating a structured environment for students after school has dismissed offers them the opportunity to focus their mind on positive activities, which will ultimately lessen the number of juvenile crimes committed. [4]     Out of the various studies summarized by Cosden, Morrison, Albanese and Macias each study focused on â€Å"structured after-school programs that offered students assistance with homework and other academic needs.† [4] In addition most of the studies â€Å"focused on children considered at risk for school failure as a result of low income, limited familial resources, and/or poor grades.† [4] Though each program had variances as to the actual curriculum each study provided the students with a structured environment where the students experienced contact with an adult. The impact of the student’s academic performance appeared to be â€Å"mediated by other child and teacher factors, such as increases in the child’s self-esteem and school bonding and changes in teacher perceptions regarding the effort and capabilities of the student.† [4]     In a 1992 study conducted by Halpern and then a similar study in 1999 by Beck, research was gathered pertaining to programs where students were provided a structured location and time where they could receive â€Å"homework and instructional support.† [4]  Beck’s research focused on student ranging from Kindergarten to 12th grade and suggested that this program was integral in shaping the students’ level of confidence as well as the teacher’s perception of their level of effort. Similar data was reported by Halpern in his study of children between five and twelve years old, in that he felt the â€Å"participation gave students greater confidence in their abilities and provided an opportunity to develop positive, school-related, adult attachments.† [4] Though neither study revealed that these structured after-school programs offered a positive impact in the amount of homework completed by students, it suggested that the structured environment provided an opportunity to increase the level of self-confidence in each student that participated as well as improve the teacher’s perception of the student’s overall effort. [4]     In 1992, Ross, Saavedra, Shur, Winters and Felner conducted a study of 400 school aged children that took part in a variety of after-school programs, each offering a structured environment but possessing various cirriculum. The researchers delivered results that showed each of these programs as integral in building self-esteem in those who took part in the structured activities at the end of the school day. The group also found that self-esteem was a major factor in determining academic performance in students, as it had â€Å"positive effects on standardized test scores in math and reading.† [4] This research did, however, report that there were some concerns surrounding after school activities that placed focus specifically on academics. [4]     There is a concern if activities after school specifically focus on academic activities and homework assistance this might promote a negative environment for students, as these programs â€Å"do not replace other non-academic extracurricular activities.† [4] The concern surrounding this topic is that many after-school activities provided through the school system do not provide students opportunities that take focus away from the regular school day curriculum. Researchers suggest that many students require some type of incentive to build their self-esteem and if this isn’t provided it may â€Å"increase the student’s risk for school failure.† [4] Cosden, Morrison, Gutierrez, and Brown suggest that programs should offer activities that â€Å"enhance student engagement to the school while allowing time for homework to occur.† [4] Students must be given the opportunity to disengage their minds from the regular school day and place a focus on an alternate structured activity.     All studies revealed the importance of parental involvement, as the time spent in the care of others is less time spent in the care of the parents. Parental involvement is important because not only does it provide students with immediate assistance, but it â€Å"models positive attitudes and study skills needed to succeed in school.† [4] Parents who stress the importance of learning have a large impact on their children, as they see their parents as â€Å"both competent and similar to them.† [4]     Though not all research studies conducted have shown conclusive results that prove the overall effectiveness of afterschool programs, each concluded the level of influence students receive from their after school activities. The majority of these studies have revealed that the various structured programs available to students provide youth with an opportunity to have afterschool supervision in a structured environment that promotes positive behavior. For the most part it is agreed that â€Å"involvement in extracurricular activities is associated with school engagement and achievement†and that the fact these students become engaged in a school affiliated program means that students are less likely to commit juvenile crimes, â€Å"are less likely to drop out and more likely to have higher academic achievement.† [4] References [1] James, S., Dynarski, M. & Deke, J. (2007). When Elementary Schools Stay Open Late: Results From the National Evaluation of the 21st Century Community Learning Centers Program. . [2] Parsley, D. & LaBounty, S. (2007). Joining Forces. Principal Leadership, 8 (4), 28-31. [3] Hofferth, S. L. & Jankuniene, Z. (2001). Life After School. Educational Leadership, 58 (7), 19, 5p, 3c. [4] Cosden, M., Morrison, G., Gutierrez, L. & Brown, M. (2004). The Effects of Homework Programs and After-School Activities on School Success. Theory Into Practice, 43 (3), 220-228.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Internet Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Internet Censorship - Essay Example However, other promoters of internet freedom has openly opposed internet censorship stating that curtailment of access to some information runs counter to provisions of the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States (Qazi), specifically regarding freedom of speech. Initially, one is firmly opposed to internet censorship as an avid promoter of freedom of personal expression and speech. However, the recent online video of Jin Lin, a university student in Montreal, being murdered made one awefully disgusted that someone can use the internet as a stage to fuel selfish interests and the desire for attention. One thereby discovered that there are websites that specialize in showing viideos of people being killed, tortured or committing suicide. Uncensored sites allow sex offenders and cyber stalkers closer contact to children; these also allow children to research how to hurt themselves or other; and, being exposed to inappropriate online content could have long term negative impact on children. In this regard, the essay aims to contend that internet censorship should be enforced. Government policies and regulations are designed to ensure protection from Internet users from piracy (through Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)), Protect IP Act (PIPA), and illegal electronic activities through the recently proposed Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act (CISPA). Some groups aver that SOPA, PIPA and CISPA present arguments that curtain freedom and therefore considered bad. One supports the objectives of these legisltations since these are mainly trying to protect people from losing mone and from being abused. However, despite these regulations, the Internet continues to become a tool for crime, terrorist activities and source of inappropriate materials. The Internet has been the source of pornographic materials which can be easily accessed by children; therefore it should be appropriately censored. The Top Ten Reviews website featured â€Å"Internet Porno graphy Statistics†which revealed that as much as â€Å"90 percent of children ages 8-16 have viewed pornography online†(par. 1). The tabular illustration below provides significant statistics on childen internet pornography, as cited from the Top Ten Reviews: Children Internet Pornography Statistics Average age of first Internet exposure to pornography 11 years old Largest consumer of Internet pornography 35 - 49 age group 15-17 year olds having multiple hard-core exposures 80% 8-16 year olds having viewed porn online 90% (most while doing homework) 7-17 year olds who would freely give out home address 29% 7-17 year olds who would freely give out email address 14% Children's character names linked to thousands of porn links 26 (Including Pokemon & Action \ Man) Source: Top Ten Reviews This information was corroborated by statistics gathered and published by the Enough is Enough, a website funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention that exposed staggerring information on children being intentionally or unintenionally exposed to pornographic, violent and obscene websites and have
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Copyright and Creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Copyright and Creativity - Essay Example It is purported that copyright primarily serves the end of encouraging creativity, because of the inspiration it provides to authors/writers/creators and would-be authors/writers/creators that will see creativity as an opportunity to gain economic advantage as well as an acknowledgment of their talent. This claim, however, is being contested by those who argue that artists have been churning out great works of arts for centuries without the benefit of copyright protection. Worse, there are those who perceive copyright protection as an unwitting tool for stifling creativity as illustrated by recent cases where works have been prohibited from seeing publication on the ground that they infringe the copyright law. The question that is being contemplated by this paper, therefore, is whether or not copyright protection encourages or stifles artistic creativity. Background The US Copyright Law has its roots in the 1710, Statute of Anne, an English law that ended the monopoly of the Statione r’s Company by vesting exclusive right of books to their authors for fourteen years, subject to renewal. After the American Revolution in the 18th century, several states their own copyright laws that took after the Statute of Anne, but the Constitutional Convention decided that a unifying law on copyright should be enacted nationally and thus, attached a clause mandating such passage in Article 1 of the proposed Constitution. The subsequent Copyright Act of 1970 copied the 14-year period of exclusive right to authors renewable for another 14 years and was made applicable solely to books, maps and maritime charts. Eventually, however, the US copyright law was broadened to cover other original works as well. In the Copyright Act of 1909, the coverage of the grant extended to all written works not only in the US but to various written foreign works as well. In addition, it extended the period of the exclusive right to 28 years, which is renewable for another 28 years. The next copyright law, i.e. Copyright Act of 1976 is the precursor of the present US copyright law. This Act eliminated many of the earlier features as well as added new ones. For example, it established a single period of exclusive right for all kinds of works, which is the life of the author plus 50 years, dismissed the formalities and made the right applicable the very moment the work becomes a concrete medium of expression. 1 Before the present consolidated US copyright law came into being, the Copyright Act 1976 went through various amendments and supplementations. These include the following: the Audio Home Recording Act of 1992, which added copyright grant to digital audio recordings; the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, which extended the exclusive right to 20 years, and; the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, which deals with high-technology works. 2 Features of the Present US Copyright Law Under the present US Copyright Law, which is denominated as Title 17 of the United States Code, the exclusive rights to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies, perform, display publicly and use in a digital audio transmission of works, are granted only to their authors or creators.3 The copyright grant covers only 8 kinds of words, and their respective derivatives, namely: literary
Architecture in Japanese Gardens Research Paper
Architecture in Japanese Gardens - Research Paper Example Gardening has been an important cultural, intellectual, and spiritual pursuit in Japan for almost 1300 years in various ways and to various people. Japanese gardens also show the influence that the Chinese culture had on the Japanese, as well as how Japan took that culture and changed it in subtle ways to make it its own. The philosophical ideas of Zen Buddhism also played a large role in the development of these important cultural objects and practices. Chesshire splits the history of gardening into Japan into six broad periods, each of which takes its title from important Japanese cities at the time. The first of these is the Nara period of the 8th century, where gardens that were â€Å"almost certainly used for ceremonial purposes†and â€Å"were quite similar to those that were constructed in China†were created in Nara, which was one of the ancient capitals of Japan. The idea of architecture is one that is unavoidably mixed with the history of Japanese Gardens. Regardless of what the effect of the garden is, there is no doubt that those who wish to create one will have to use not only plants and water, but also rocks, bridges, and even sometimes an entire building. Moreover, since the gardens can be built as a part of a house in and of itself, it can sometimes be even more important to have a good idea of basic architectural principles. In fact, it is arguably this sort of mixing of the manmade with the natural that is the defining idea of the Japanese garden.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
DUNKIN DONUTS CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
DUNKIN DONUTS CASE STUDY - Essay Example In their attempt to sell only good quality products, Dunkin Donuts have created a Coffee Quality Checking Lab, in which every aspect of the coffee is checked, so that the consumers get the best value Dunkin Donut product, no matter wherever it is sold. They have also increased the value perception by giving consumers "what they want". For example, they introduce only those products which are demanded by the consumers and do not come out with random products. This is how Dunkin Donuts is increasing its value perception and having great success in matching their philosophy which is 'great quality with affordability'. Its value perception is similar to that of KFC and McDonalds. They also try to give the maximum quality to their consumers and waiting time for their burgers is only 3 minutes. This is like if Dunkin' Donuts could not sell their coffee in 18 minutes they throw it away, in the same way KFC and McDonald throw away their burgers if they are unable to sell them. The positionin g strategy of Donut Dunkin is very simple as they target a mass market without any distinction of different classes, different level of education etc. According to William Kussels, Dunkin' Donuts Senior Manager, whenever you take a ride to one of our outlet, you always see Mercedes parked with pickup trucks, this shows that we do not target any specific consumer class but we target a mass market.
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Sexual Predators in Cyberspace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Sexual Predators in Cyberspace - Research Paper Example The consequences of such events on the web can lead to catastrophic dangers. (Cheney) Children are particularly vulnerable in this regard and face a lot of cyber dangers. Child sexual exploitation spans across every economic, social, ethnic and religious group out there. They span beyond geographical boundaries. Pedophiles and sexual predators are on the rise. They make use of internet without regard of any precautions, exchange personal information of their co-pedophiles and potential child victims. They have hidden behind various screen names, where they come together online and exchange child pornography with speed and efficiency that’s beyond our mental capacity. This in turn excites them to molest further. This is a grave problem that needs to be resolved. I t can be solved by sending police men in chat rooms to track down on predators and by promoting awareness among children The dark side of the internet and World Wide Web puts young innocent minds in a lot of dangers. The sexual predators exploit chat rooms to target youngsters. As useful as the internet maybe, it has its own disadvantages too. Some of the harms it can inflict can put a child into grave danger and take his childhood away from him. Daily Telegraph is of the view that internet makes it possible for children to end up anywhere without leaving their home town. This can eventually land them into places where they can be abused, stalked and conned by sexual predators. (Hatch) Most of the sexual predators work in online chat rooms and have already gotten in touch with a lot of kids. They look out for children who can be easy convenient targets for them. Most of the time they seek sexual abuse, bullying and divorce. In other words, they look for anything that can emotionally captivate the child and hamper his confidence. Such victims are their main targets. After they have triggered the initia l
Monday, September 23, 2019
Cultural Diversity in the U.S Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3
Cultural Diversity in the U.S - Assignment Example The United States experiences racial conflicts, which have given birth to riots, clashes and discriminative attitude and behavior. Human rights activists always persuade to the government as well as law enforcing agencies for treating all individuals on equal foundations by offering them equal education, health, business, recreational, sports and job opportunities, so that future generations could be protected from the bloody clashes because of the unequal distribution of wealth, resources and opportunities imposed and inflicted upon the minority groups by the political, social, educational and economic institutions. Affirmative action has been in vogue in almost all states, cities and institutions of the USA particularly for the last four decades, and laws strictly condemns application of any discrimination on the individuals. â€Å"There are thousands of examples of situations where people of color, white women, and working class women and men of all races who were previously excl uded from jobs or educational opportunities, or were denied opportunities once admitted, have gained access through affirmative action.†(Kivel, 1997: 3) Now, no public or private reject to recruit the black, female or gay candidates to obtain employment because of their complexion, gender or sexual orientation etc. Race-sensitive admissions policies have also been adopted at schools, colleges and other educational institutions. Actually, social discrimination is not confined to employment and job only in the USA. Rather, the same prejudiced behavior could be observed in healthcare services and various educational institutions too. It was particularly the case in past when an overwhelming majority of teachers, staff members and students, belonging to white Anglo Saxon population (WASP) displayed their hatred by teasing the Black students through different ways; even separate water coolers and washrooms
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Sales and Inventory Systems Essay Example for Free
Sales and Inventory Systems Essay Yakult was introduced to the Philippines in 1978. Its popularity among Filipinos has significantly grown in the past 33 years. There are two main companies in the Philippines, the Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI) and Yakult Marketing Corporation (YMC). Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI), an independent company, is a manufacturer and wholesale retailer of Yakult products from Yakult Honsha Co. LTD Japan with a joint venture and shares of investment of 60% for Filipinos and 40% for the Japanese investors. The factory is located in Barrio Makiling, Calamba, Laguna. They have twenty-five distributors from Luzon to Mindanao, supplying the whole country especially wholesale clients. The Yakult Marketing Corporation (YMC) retails their products and incorporates the Yakult Lady System that started in Metro Manila and NCR, then adapted by distributors all over the country. The Prohealth Sales Distributor Corporation which is the exclusive Yakult distributor in La Union started its operation in March 15, 2004. The Company orders its stocks from the Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI) and also adapted the Yakult Lady system of the Yakult Marketing Corporation (YMC). There are three branches in La Union and the Main Office is located in Bauang, La Union. The other branches are in Agoo which started in 2005 and Bangar that recently opened last 2011. The Main office receives the stocks ordered from YPI, and then distributes it to the other two branches. For the wholesale, the main office sells the product to all establishments that intend to resell the product. They deliver the products depending on the order or demand of the client. Every day, the main office deliver stocks to the Yakult Ladies, some just go directly to the main office to pay the stocks unpaid so that they can order again. There is an official receipt issued by the main office to the Yakult Ladies that is being manually recorded in order to make the daily sales and collection report at the end of the day. Making the sales report for the Yakult Ladies is a part of the motivational factor, for them to know how much they profit or loss of income and why their sales are going down. It will also become the basis of the company for how much promotional support they will give on the month of December in terms of gifts and other benefits. All the three branches make the daily sales report, the branch in Agoo and Bangar upload and send its reports in the main office in order to be compiled in the Main office. The sales report is made by the company’s secretary, and then thoroughly checked y the supervisor. The computation of the sales report is made in order to compute the sales and profit of the company. The inventory count of stocks must tally onto the sales report in order for the company to monitor the number of stocks distributed day by day. If the sales report and inventory count did not tally, then the processes must be repeated until they meet tally. Hence, the study was propose d to help the processes in Prohealth Distributor Sales Corporation easier, faster and to refrain from human error. Due to growing number of employees, the sale monitoring system if done manually was a lot to handle and time consuming. They need a computerized sales monitoring and inventory system that will make the computation tasks faster. Aside from its accuracy, the proposed system also aims to enhance and provide a better way to store information in a secured manner. The study will be implemented first in the Main Office of the Prohealth Sales Distributor Corporation La Union in order to pilot test the system software being proposed.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Participation in higher education and women empowerment
Participation in higher education and women empowerment In the research conducted by Samina Malik and Kathy Courtney the finding from Maliks 2005 study was summarized. It was from his study that the wanted to investigate that to what extent does women empowerment was dependant on the gaining of higher education by women. In the research the importance of the prevailing culture and norms on women empowerment was also highlighted as they play a key role in preventing women from claiming the rights that they have been given by law which includes having equal rights to education. As Pakistan is a developing country it has been rated s the nation with the widest gender gap and discrimination against women (UNICEF 2006). The united nations population information network gave the understanding that women empowerment has five major components, which include women sense of self-worth, their right to have and to determine choices, their right to have access to opportunities and resources, their right to have power to control their own lives, both within and outside the home, their ability to influence the direction of social changes to create a more social and economic order, nationally and internationally,(POPIN n.d) However it has come to notice that overall the girls and women are at disadvantage and the movement to bring about any change in their position or their standard of living has failed. Forming a conclusion from the research it has been proven that the attainment of higher education in particular is accepted as a means for social change. The participation in education has many advantages for the women one of the most important one being economic independence. As agreed upon by Iram, samiullah, tanveer, bedi-uz-zaman, shujaat and Ali women empowerment is a social phenomenon. Women in Pakistan are subject to very little participation in the economic sphere of life. Usually they are either underpaid or unpaid workers in the agricultural background. I their research the authors also subject that women empowerment can be measured based on their participation in politics. However the most important aspect being catered to in their study is the impact of male youths views on women empowerment. Since Pakistan is clearly a male dominated society and the views of the male segment plays either a supportive or opposing role towards women empowerment. It was concluded after the study that the prevailing view of women empowerment from the eyes of the male youth has different aspects of acceptance. Regarding ownership of property, vote casting and registration the response was fairly positive. It was also positive towards equal job opportunities, traini ng program and membership of union and organization but political participation and participation in public protests and political campaigns was a negative. Overall however the attitude of youth towards women empowerment was considered a positive but the family practice of the positive attitude was very limited which may be due to the parents background and quality of education. According to Malik hassaan the reason for women being neglected and lookdown upon may lie in some common factors which stem from the history of the country. The social norms and cultures and the menace of poverty have been put down on the shoulders of the women of this country since its birth. The idea proposed that economic development to actual take place in a nation requires the participation of the entire citizens of the nation by Malik is crucial to this country. The concept highlighted is the importance of poverty and government intervention in the developing worlds. The history bearded by the developing nations plays an important part also in another study relevant to this is by Ndrit. Assie-Lumumba regarding the women and empowerment in Africa. The idea being discussed by both the authors lie in the fact that the nations having participated in many international betterment and development programs and organizations the implementation of laws pro-women have been poor due to the history of poverty and culture prevailing in these nations. The insignificant intervention of the government and the lack of positive will towards this idea not only hinder the social well-being but also the e economic wellbeing of these developing nations. As Assie-lumumba explains the participation of women I higher education and universities are extremely low due to which any research conducted from these institutions dont show the actual picture. Although the educational system has been taken from the wests example, the persisting lack of participation by the female sector cannot be ignored. The reason for the lack of involvement doesnt however lie solely with the historic practices but also by the recent practices which have stemmed out from the historic practices in essence strengthening them. The issue being that without access to primary and secondary education the female masses cannot have the opportunity to advance into higher education. The practice of not allowing equal opportunity at the initial levels of education is a major hindrance for the women of Africa. The other main issue discussed in the study relates to the lack of power to have time, equipment and finances being allocated to women in the African society. This also raises the gender gap and in essence reduces the ability of women to participate in education. The absence of proper policies and implementation of these policies thus result in the discriminatory policies regarding education and women in the African continent. The idea that most of the conclusive research done in the developing countries result from the research conducted in the university setting, the absence of women form these institutions result in a lack of information and authentic research. The formation of policies also rest on the information collected therefore the lack of information subsequently result in improper and insufficient efforts being conducted in the way to women empowerment. Lumumba also rightly concludes based on assessment that the role of the researchers are highly crucial in the forward view of the continent and it is their responsibility to interrogate all analyze all the social sectors to finally come up with conclusions. Therefore educating the female masses of the nation is essential to not just economic wellbeing and eradication of poverty but also a healthier social standing of the nation. The same standing is put forth by Malik Hassan in his research that poverty and economic sustainability of Pakistan rests on the shoulders of policy makers and researchers. There is a crucial need for proper research and data availability and a dire need of the policy makers, the government to shape up reforms and implement them in the most efficient and effective manner as without this the nation will not be able to move from the developing category to the developed. The nuisance of poverty and the economic instability is directly related to the no participation of the entire nation towards there amputation. In his conclusion Malik also explains the importance of awareness amongst the citizens, capacity building of women, research and documentation on the achievements of women and advocacy for policy in political parties as essential and substantial requirements to overcome the structural obstacles and lack of awareness in the country. The importance of women participation in policy formulation and their representation at all levels of the government is necessary for the wellbeing and progress of Pakistan. Women empowerment is defined as a change I the context of a womens life that will enable her to lead a fulfilling human life, it being reflected both in external qualities and internal qualities (human development in south Asia (2000) as quoted by Mathew (2003). In the research by purusottam nayak and bidisha mahanta it is found that women of India, another developing nation, are relatively disempowered and given a lower status than their male counterparts. The existing of this gender gap exists basically with regards to education and employment. Different aspects of the study focused on different factors that were looked at by the researcher. These include women having the right to education and employment; domestic violence and say on spending their earnings; womens exposure to media and heir involvement in politics. After a clear view it was concluded that women were subject to unequal treatment b the male dominating society. Dr suvarna sen and ishita mukherjee also in their study look at the prevailing trends of role of women in India and they also examine the employment levels, wages, literacy and school enrolment; their participation in politics and personal health issues. They also suggest from their study that women are being subject to socio-economic biases which in retrospect affect their status in society. The most alarming find from both these studies show the acceptance of this unequal and bias treatment by the women in general. All these factors are either the result of governments shift from raising actual awareness and or implementation of policies structured for women empowerment. The major role of higher education and employment is the conclusive factor in both the studies. It has been seen in Dr surarna sen and ishita mukherjees finding that rising of awareness and education are the only forums which may result in ability to combat these practices. The entire idea of is also supported by purusottam nayak and bidisha mahanta in their findings that access to education and employment are the only enabling factors to empowerment. However in similarity the studies also conclude that the hindrance towards this goal is mainly due to the lack of government support. The idea that government does not support encouragingly the institutions set to formulate policies regarding the bettermen t of the female population and also doesnt take steps in helping in the implementation of these policies for proper coverage and benefits. The idea of empowerment if not wholly supported by the mass of male population and the authoritarian of the country, cannot flourish and bloom. The presence of education plays a pivotal role for women in helping them realize and understand their rights and their rewards. Without which they may not be able to come out of the current situation and remain to believe themselves subjugate to domestic vigilance and gender bias. Another study conducted by purusottam nayak and bidisha mahanta examines the impact of women empowerment in Assam. In this study as well the women empowerment quotient is judged on the basis of indicators such as education, employment, household decision making power, financial autonomy, and freedom of movement, exposure to media, political participation and experience of domestic violence. Assam is one of the states of India and the largest state in the region of North east India on basis of population. Although it is free from a lot of social evils like dowry, sati, female feticide and infanticides it is still ranked very low in the scale of female empowerment. There is a wide gender gap in the state which is even not found in other comparable states in India. the study concludes that the development of the state is being affected by the widening inequality in gender and that the development process is not gender neutral as women are subject to lower status as even when compared to the rest of the states in India. There does seem to be political involvement of the woman segment in the state however other than that the educational and employment status is very low. Also the access and reach over resources is very low as well. Meetika Srivastava In her study gives a profound view on women empowerment. She begins by explaining the importance of women in the society and their pivotal role in shaping the nations future as mothers, teachers etc. she also very clearly signifies the women rights that are considered under the act of humanitarian law worldwide. The basic human right that woman is entitled to live in dignity and esteem. Have freedom of want and freedom from fear just as her male counterparts. The importance of this equality has been underscored by its inclusion as one of the Millennium Development Goals. However she goes on to explain further that even though worldwide gender equality has been given an important stature it remains to a practically neglected avenue. Violence and discrimination is a very common practice however now economic discrimination has also joined in the list of inequalities which include health and education. Despite a lot of controversy and a lot of this agenda being raised by the international organizations, women are still more likely to be ill, poor, illiterate and tortured than men. Another important factor for empowerment measurement is the control of their own fertility. This aspect is so crucial that it is considered sometimes, as the benchmark for empowerment as said in the study that, when a woman can plan her family, she can plan the rest of her life. Srivastava 2009 Ms Srivastava is on the right path when she concludes by her study that women empowerment is a strong factor towards development. She explains further that despite the said progress that is made the female segment of the society is the most neglected segment as yet. Especially with regards to basic health and education they seem to be suffering magnanimously. she goes on to close with the fact that no kind of social empowerment, legal empowerment or economic empowerment may be able to take place without focusing on women empowerment. In his study of women empowerment in India, Mr. gagandeep kaur explains that the empowerment assumed to be prevalent in the society where women are known in literature and religious scrolls as devis or shakti is all a faà §ade. It doesnt exist and all the rights and privileges so called adhered to women in the Indian society are just on paper in ink and not in real life. He goes on to explain that the status of women cannot change by the mere idea of introducing the terms but it requires a complete change of metal setup which is deep rooted in not just the minds of the people but also of the woman herself. The biggest problem is that women are unaware of their own rights and what world of opportunities lies for them. Various efforts are being conducted by free lance NGOs, media and welfare organizations, but what is most important is the involvement of the government he says. Gary S Becker, William H J Hubbard and Kevin M Murphy follow on the research that they conducted regarding the worldwide boom in higher education with regard to women education. In their research they explain that there has been a high increase in the education of female and males around the globe. They d agree that citizen in developing nations and developed nations do get different share of education however according to new statistics there has been a substantial increase in both the worlds higher education trend. The most important factor that they have come to notice is that the research provides them with sufficient facts that the increase in higher education is due to women. In their research they provide a model of supply and demand in market for college educated workers. They also examine the effects of the costs of college education and difference in gender and also means and distribution of skills.
Friday, September 20, 2019
The Research and Development of the High Altitude Sleeping System: HASS :: Essays Papers
The Research and Development of the High Altitude Sleeping System: HASS Abstract Various negative physiological effects of sleeping at high elevations increase dramatically above 12,000 feet. These effects include dehydration, hypothermia, susceptibility to respiratory tract infection, high altitude sleep apnea, severe fatigue, and other ailments of varying severity. Until now, technology has done very little to address these problems. Working in the University of Colorado at Boulder’s Biological Altitude Testing Laboratory, undergraduate David de la Garza and I developed a High Altitude Sleeping System called HASS. HASS is a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy‑to‑use device that can drastically reduce or even prevent many of the maladies noted above. This project sets out the research, design, and fielding‑testing of a working prototype of HASS. What happens to the body when people breathe at higher elevations? On high mountains, the air is cold and completely dry. As inhaled air passes through the nose or mouth, it is warmed and humidified, sucking both heat and water from the body, and these are not recovered during exhalation. On the highest mountains where breathing is so greatly increased; this heat and water loss cannot be sustained for very long. Dehydration exaggerates the impacts of hypothermia and hypoxia. â€â€Dr. Charles Houston, MD Why are these effects important, and what can we do about them? As the preceding quote attests, climbers (as well as other high altitude adventurers) risk hypothermia and hypoxia from the extreme cold, low humidity, and decreased air pressure. Furthermore, they risk impaired judgment and reflexes due to the effects of sleep apnea. All of these factors combined can greatly contribute to the danger involved in mountaineering or trekking. These symptoms are generally associated with or become very acute during sleep. However, technology has done little to improve sleeping environments for people at high altitude. Working in the University of Colorado at Boulder’s Biological Altitude Testing Laboratory, undergraduate David de la Garza and I developed a High Altitude Sleeping System called HASS. HASS is a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy‑to‑use device that can drastically reduce or even prevent many of the maladies noted above (especially when sleeping above 12,000 feet). Our goal was to research, design, and field‑test a working prototype of HASS that would alleviate these ailments by maintaining a sleeping climber’s lungs comfortably warm and hydrated while increasing her respiration rate throughout the night. How does HASS help with sleep? HASS is designed to reduce the overall stress placed on the human body while sleeping at high altitude.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness Joseph Conra
Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" Joseph Conrad's novel "Heart of Darkness" written in 1902 is an overwhelming chronicle of Marlow's journey into the heart of the African continent. It is one of the most influential novels of the twentieth century. In this ghastly and horrific tale, Marlow leads an expedition up the Congo River, only to find everything is not as it seems. This haunting and mysterious story takes him into the unbearable core of the jungle. The novel also explores trade and exploration, imperialism and colonization. The use of darkness means several things in this book. It is used in the title, as "Heart of Darkness" many people doesn't understand the book, or the meaning it brings with it. I feel that the title represents much more, it has many meanings. The first being, the darkness and evil of somebody. In the book, the evil comes out of Marlow and Kurtz, as they get deeper into the jungle, the more evilness comes out from inside their hearts. I think that Conrad is trying to show us, that everyone is the same, until they get somewhere else an...
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
From Inclusion to Friendship Essay -- Special Education
â€Å"The 1% of US students with labels of severe disabilities including mental retardation have been historically excluded from ‘inclusive’ education†(Bentley, 2008, p. 543). Laws such as PL 94-142 and â€Å"No Child Left Behind†(as cited in Bentley), say that ‘public school students with all types of disabilities be educated in the least restrictive environmentâ€â€Ã¢â‚¬Ëœto the maximum extent possible†¦with children who do not have disabilities’ the majority of these students with special education labels, such as, mental retardation and multiple disabilities are still isolated in special education classrooms (Bentley, 2008, p. 545). Wehmeyer (as cited in Bentley), points out that mere access does not promote authentic participation (Bentley, 2008, p. 546). Burkowski et al (as cited in Webster and Cater), â€Å"Friendship has been defined as a bond between two individuals that is stable across time and involves mutual affection , mutual preference and having fun together†(Webster and Carter, 2007, p. 201). It is up to parents, teachers and other paraprofessionals to seek ways to facilitate and encourage the types of positive interactions that will foster these types of friendships. If done successfully all students will benefit and there will be true inclusion. In order to help students develop these meaningful relationships there must first be a base of communication and collaboration between teachers, parents and paraeducators who all share a stake in supporting and empowering students with and without disabilities. Downing and Peckham-Hardin found that both teachers and parents cited communication and working as a team were essential for truly inclusive education. Some of the most important components of this communication and team work ... ...ons from the 1%: Children with Labels of Severe Disabilities and Their Peers as Architects of Inclusive Education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12(5-6), 543-561. Causton-Theoharis, J. C., & Malmgren, K. C. (2005). Increasing peer interactions for students with severe disabilities via paraprofessional training. Exceptional Children, 7(4), 431-444. Copeland, S. R., Hughes, C., Carter, E. W., Guth, C., Presley, J. A., Williams, C. R., & Fowler, S. E. (2004). Increasing Access to General Education: Perspectives of Participants in a High School Peer Support Program. Remedial and Special Education, 25(6), 342-352. Downing, J. E., & Peckham-Hardin, K. D. (2007). Inclusive Education: What Makes It a Good Education for Students with Moderate to Severe Disabilities?. Research and Practice for Persons With Severe Disabilities (RPSD), 32(1), 16-30.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Renaissance in Harlem City in the Viewpoint of Toni Morrison’s Jazz Essay
â€Å"Jazz†, a novel by Toni Morrison, is a chronicle of the lives and struggles of the African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance in the United States. The novel begins with an African-American community in Harlem New York in the year 1926. What makes it a credible commentary on that specific period in the history of the United States and that of the African-American people is the vivid description of the author of the â€Å"glittering city (Morrison 1992)†of Harlem, the setting of the novel. Not only was the description accurate and vivid in accordance to the historical account of Harlem Renaissance but most importantly it has become a novel that encodes the way of life of every African- American during the said historical period. In the novel, the â€Å"City†has always been very important in the representation of the Black community, not only as a city within the city but the very essence of Black existence during the 1920’s. The historical backdrop of this novel is the 1920’s United States better known as the â€Å"Age of Prosperity†for most Americans because of the end of the First World War. Americans lead a new way of living that is free from German Imperialism. After the war, the African American soldiers looked forward for their freedom but never had one. Even after slavery was abolished, African Americans still have to work in cotton and sugar cane plantations. During this period, about 90% of the African Americans in the South were suffering and they viewed the North as a place of dignity, opportunity, and freedom. This period paved way to â€Å"The Great Migration†where African- Americans migrated from south to north en masse particularly Harlem, New York. Even when they confronted another kind of racism in their new community, they somehow led a better and more decent life. The rise of the Harlem Renaissance heralds a paradise that is discrimination-safe for the African- Americans. The Harlem Renaissance as Depicted by Harlem City in â€Å"Jazz†As stated earlier, the city has become the sole instrument of the novel in making its account of the historical period vivid and interesting. The city represents many different aspects of the African-American life which makes this novel a credible account of the African-American life during the Harlem Renaissance. By using the Harlem City as the setting of the novel, it makes the novel more grounded to the historical period where it is based from. This essay will examine the importance of the â€Å"City†in the development of the novel as well as its effects to the reader’s interpretation of it. Our first account of the city is found in Chapter 1 of the novel. In the words of an omniscient narrator: A city like this one makes me dream tall and feel in on things. Hep. It’s the bright steel rocking above the shade below that does it. When I looked over strips of green grass lining the river, at church steeples and into the cream-and-copper halls of the apartment buildings, I’m strong. Alone, yes, but top-notched and indestructibleâ€â€like this City in 1926 when all wars are over and there will be another one. The people down there are happy about that. At last, at last, everything’s ahead. The A&P hires a colored clerk. Big legged woman with pink kitty tongues roll money into green tubes for later on; then they laugh and put their arms around each other. I like the way the City makes people think they can do what they want and get away with it. I see them all over the place: wealthy whites and plain ones too, pile into mansions decorated and redecorated by black women richer than they are, and both are pleased with the spectacle of the other (Morrison 1992). The first sentence suggests that the narrator sees â€Å"this†city as different and unique among the cities that he has been as suggested by the article â€Å"a†. This city, he contends, makes him dream big things and actually keep in touch with it. Basing on the backdrop of the novel, the Harlem Renaissance has brought about changes in the lives of the African- Americans. The Harlem City in particular has become a new haven for the African-American migrants from the South to find a new and better life that is free of all the oppression and discrimination that they experienced. This dream is not specified by the narrator. However, I see dreaming (whether tall, big, or small) as something that is treasured by the African- Americans for only in this city that they were able to dream whatever dreams they have for themselves as an individual and as a group of people. To be able to dream is already a dream come true for the African- Americans who sought for another world for cultural recognition and self identity. Though the dream was not specified, it can be deduced that this dream is that of the freedom to actually dream. Moreover, it is freedom to live in a place where they can be who they are. The second sentence further speaks of the African- Americans newfound life. The narrator speaks of the city as the reason of his strength. This presupposes the fact that the narrator felt that he was weak prior to his arrival in the city. In placing the novel into the historical backdrop of Harlem Renaissance, African- Americans especially in the South were treated as inferiors in relation to the Whites. They were seen as weak and a lesser class of humans by the Whites. Furthermore, they were reduced to slavery as if brandishing them that role as their only role in America. However, as the passage suggests, this inferiority and weakness has been replaced by pride and strength. As a matter of fact, not only was the city a haven where discrimination and oppression among the African- Americans were inexistent, it has also become a place where they can dwell and live like normal Americans as suggested by an employment of an African- American woman as a clerk in A&P. The role of slaves as a stereotyped job of African- Americans is already eradicated in the city. As a matter of fact, Blacks and Whites are in the city devoid of any differences and were living harmoniously with each other as suggested by the last sentence of the passage: the Whites and the Blacks are pleased to just accomplish their roles (richer Black women decorating the houses of the Whites). The words â€Å"top-notched†and â€Å"indestructible†in the third sentence suggests the confidence that the African- Americans gain in living in Harlem. They see it as the end of their struggle for equality and the end of every possibility of oppression. As told by the narrator, even when he is alone he felt that the city is with him. Because of this, both of them (the city and the narrator) feel indestructible. The city has become a sanctuary for African- Americans from all the oppression and discrimination. If we look back in history, the Harlem has been the place where most of the African- Americans from the south migrated for they found the city as a place of greener pastures. They find Harlem City as a place where they can start new lives and celebrate their unique cultural identities. Lastly, the fourth sentence sums up the real feeling and sensibilities of the narrator and the African- Americans in general on living in the City. The narrator says that the people are really happy not only with the end of the war and the struggles but also of their newfound freedom in the city. The phrase â€Å"at last†suggests that this happiness and freedom have always been yearned by African- Americans. They finally experienced the happiness that they always sought for in Harlem City. In this sense, the city has become an embodiment of an emancipated African- Americans from their battle for equality. The Harlem Renaissance has always been considered as the spiritual coming of age of the Black community where African-Americans were able to foster group recognition and self determination. The Element of Setting in Historical Fiction The difference between settings and events that are based on historical facts and those based on the imagination of the author is mainly objectivity. Events in a historical fiction are always patterned in real and hard facts of history. While other elements of the story such as characters and plots might be different, there would always be a cast from which the author will based his or her settings, characters, and plots. It is not a requisite that the whole set of facts should be accurately depicted such as writing histories, it is already enough that the facts are presented accurately to serve the purpose of a historical backdrop for the development of a work of art such as fiction. Historical novel need not lie in the historical worlds they create but in the relationship between the world and the chief actors. Historical novels can be meticulous in depicting the larger contexts of an era while creating either the chief actors in that world or giving them undocumented thoughts and actions (Berkhofer et al 1997). †In the novel, Morrison patterned the event to that of the Harlem Renaissance. From the beginning of â€Å"The Great Migration†as illustrated by most of the major characters moving from the South to the North. Moreover, it is also evident in the passage cited above that the narrator is new to the place which indicates that he is a migrant. He sees the place as something different and strange which suggests that he is new in the place. However, there is no indication that the characters were patterned into some particular historical figure. But it is apparent that even though there were no particular persons involved in the development of the characters, they are still patterned towards possibilities and tendencies of the people that lived in that particular era, that is, African- Americans during the Renaissance. The sensibilities and actions of the characters are always influenced by the happenings and the circumstances of the times. For instance, the narrator’s attitude and feeling towards the city is a typical African- American reaction to a place that has brought freedom to their community. On one hand, events and settings that are based on the imagination of the author are highly subjective. They are basically unrestrained and unconfined that the author is free to just create and invent any event, setting, plot, and characters without having to sanction these elements to facts or history. The possibilities are endless so that authors would not need to concern themselves with accuracy nor loyalty to any source. Historical Literary Criticism as a Tool in Understanding â€Å"Jazz†It has been argued that historical point of view or knowledge as a method in literary criticism would render our interpretation of literature more objective. With historical literary criticism, our interpretation of the text is sanctioned on the subject’s relevance, relationship, and influence of the historical period where it is written. It is not merely a baseless interpretation; it is an interpretation with a historical ground. This is for the reason that history is â€Å" a bedrock of objective facts and data that give credence to any empirical discipline. †It is believed that literature that is based on history would be more realistic. â€Å"The objective ground of history is precisely that which enables the subjective elements which constitute literary texts to function beyond the aesthetic (Green 1995). In other words, our knowledge of the historical events, figures, and background would make our interpretation more accurate for it is more objective. Not only would it provide a ground for the understanding of the facts and events of the past but also of that particular period’s attitudes, perception, thoughts, and ideologies about the world. In the novel, Harlem Renaissance is not just used as a historical background to quantify or justify the tendencies of the characters and the vividness of the setting and events, but also the commentaries and ideologies that the African- Americans have during the period. For instance, the novel incorporated the historical event of the Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance not only to give the novel more accuracy and objectivity but also to assert the Black’s attitude towards racism and their yearning to assert their identities through music and other forms of art with the help of the â€Å"glittering city (Morrison 1992)†. The reader’s knowledge of the historical background of a work of fiction would help him/her understand the contexts of the novel that would render his/her interpretation in an objective path. As earlier mentioned, historical background and details would make a work of literature more grounded. However, this is not the case with anachronism. This is the worst sin that a historian or a historical fictionist could commit. To represent something outside the supposed context of the historical period would thwart the interpretation and knowledge of the readers upon the text and the historical event itself. In the novel, there are no cases of anachronism for Toni Morrison is a reliable source of the lives of the African- Americans as she is one of them herself. As far as the city life is concerned, she has not only depicted it clearly but also reflected its ideologies very accurately as stated in earlier paragraphs. Though it would be difficult to avoid anachronism for every writer will always interpret historical facts in their own subjective ways, it is highly recommended that writers especially historical fiction writers which has purposes of being objective rather than just being aesthetic should stick to the original. In this way, they would not only remain faithful to history where it is basing its vividness, accuracy, and reliability but also serve a higher purpose of informing readers the ideologies and sensibilities of every historical period and figure that has shaped the world.
Monday, September 16, 2019
Bee Biology
Discuss pesticide problems relating to beekeeping, including symptoms, distinguishing from disease and preventing pesticide impact. Adult Parasites: †¢ Varroa Mites o Caused by the parasitic mite called Varroa Destructor (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association, 2007). o Symptoms include: existence of adult mites on adult bees, brood, or hive debris; adults have their abdomens shortened, wings distorted, and legs are deformed; and lastly, adult population and brood area declines dramatically, with blotchy brood pattern (North Carolina State University, 2007).o It can be prevented through using screened bottom boards, mite-tolerant stocks, drone-blood trapping, and management of still dusts (North Carolina State University, 2007). o Varroa mites can be detected using sugar shake or ether roll, sticky board, alcohol wash, or drone-blood inspection or visual inspection. o Treatments: Spring (before honey flow) o The use of volatile treatment (thymol, formic acid, etc) should not be used for they can cause reduction in the brood area. Appropriate dosage of Apistan or checkmite+ can be used as long as the mites have not formerly developed a resistance (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association, 2007).Late spring/summer (during/immediately following honey flow) ? Chemical treatments should never be used while hone supers are on hives. o Exploit one or more systems of preclusion, for instance, the use of screened bottom boards or mite-tolerant stock (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association, 2007). Autumn (preparing for winter) ? Test regularly for mites, if possible once a month. o Alternate treatments regularly to lessen the comprehensive exposure of any chemical for mites (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association, 2007). †¢ Nosema o Caused by the protozoan, Nosema apiso Stress from periods of long confinement, fast brood build-up, sustenance discrepancy and bad weather are some factors that may cause the existence of Nosema (Stanford, 2003). o Symptoms consis t of distension of the abdomens and paralyzed behaviors of adults. o In order to control the disease, practice proper management technique while using the antibiotic fumagilin (Fumidil B, Nosem X) (Stanford, 2003). †¢ Other adult bee diseases include rickettsial disease, amoeba disease, spiroplasmas, and many others. Brood Diseases: †¢ American Foulbroodo Caused by spore-forming bacterium called Paenibacillus larvae larvae (Stanford, 2003). o Symptoms consist of sour or â€Å"of a glue pot†odor; pierced or sunken capping; and resultant sticky black scales (Stanford, 2003). o To prevent the disease secure hygienic stocks; avoid robbing by keeping colonies strong; minimize comb swapping between hives; replace three combs in the brood chamber every year with foundation or drawn combs from honey supers; and disinfect bee hives or suspect frames and brood boxes at the NCDA fumigation chamber using ethylene oxide (North Carolina State University, 2007).o If the disease i s already present, treatments include burning of all frames and euthanizing of bees; scorching or fumigation of empty brood boxes, bottom boards, inner covers, and lids; lastly, contact your regional Apiary inspector (North Carolina State University, 2007). †¢ European Foulbrood o Caused by the bacterium Melissococcus pluton and associated flora o Symptoms include a characteristic odor; rare presence of perforated or hollow cappings; and a resultant black scale, which is often twisted in its cell (Stanford, 2003).o To prevent the disease, maintain a strong and healthy colony. o To treat the disease: maintain a hive quarantine and be vigilant for re-emergent signs of the disease; for light infections, reduce the area of the brood nest, replace infected combs with foundation, and keep the colony strong; for more serious infection, treat with terramycin, feed to colonies in powdered sugar by dusting on the top of the brood nest (North Carolina State University, 2007).†¢ Other brood diseases include chalkbrood, stonebrood, sacbrood, and Purple brood. Pests and Predators: †¢ Wax moth o Symptoms include: large larvae tunneling through the wax combs of weak hives or stored bee equipment; and presence of silk cocoons in infested hives or equipments (North Carolina State University, 2007). o Treatment recommendations include: storing of unused combs with PDB crystals. Never place crystals on a living colony, as the fumes are highly toxic to adult bees and brood.In case of heavy infestations, freeze combs for 1-2 days before reusing (North Carolina State University, 2007). †¢ Small Hive Beetle o Symptoms include: presence of adult beetles and eggs or larvae; watery, fermenting comb with small white grubs eating the wax; and larvae crawling out of the front entrance of the hive and burrowing into the soil (North Carolina State University, 2007). o If there are adults, tape half a strip of checkmite+ beneath a square of corrugated cardboard placed on t he bottom board of hive.If larvae are present: replace infected combs with foundation, then urn them or freeze them; Apply GuardStar soil drench around the perimeter of the hive to kill developing pupae in the ground around the hive (North Carolina State University, 2007). o Other pests in the honey bee colonies include ants, robber flies, mantids, yellowjackets, and other wasps (Stanford, 2003). 2. Describe the setup of a good honey house, indicating positive aspects of your arrangement. For the rural areas, Vautier Hive is ideal.It allows the bee keeper to produce good quality honey with fewer costs in building it. The hive is made from cement to protect the colonies from bad weather, bush fires and predators (BeesforDevelopment, 2006). The heavy weight of the hives will make it hard for the thieves to steal those (Volunteers for Africa Sustainable Natural Resource Management, 2006). The vautier hive should be raised off the ground on rocks or tires. The bee colony dwells in a sma ll volume that is needed. At harvest time, just open the hive, remove the flames that are full of honey and replace them with new flames.Close the hives until the next harvest(BeesforDevelopment, 2006). The hive produces 20-25 kg of honey per year (Volunteers for Africa Sustainable Natural Resource Management, 2006). †¢ Materials needed: o Cement o Lumber, bamboo or branches o Wooden mould †¢ The width of the hive should be twice than its height. Interior dimensions should be smaller. Create an entrance hole in the bottom of one side (BeesforDevelopment, 2006). Put a platform in front of entrance then make a ventilation hole at the back (BeesforDevelopment Inc. , 2007).†¢ The 22 frames should all have a top-bar and 2 triangles. Any long and stiff piece of wood can be used for top-bar. Cut the triangles from a square or rectangular piece of wood. Glue the triangles under the top-bar, making sure that all the frames are the same size (BeesforDevelopment, 2006). †¢ In order to encourage the bees to use the frames properly, put wax guides or foundation to the top-bar, centered and running the whole length of the top-bar, all the way to the edges of the triangles (BeesforDevelopment Inc. , 2007).
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Compare/Contrast Business Practices in Your Native Country to That in the Usa
compare/contrast business practices in your native country to that in the USA Business practices are an essential part of a country’s culture. In addition, the business practices in different countries are quite different. China and America are both big countries of the world, and they still have differences in business practices. In this essay I will compare business practices between China and the USA to find the point of the same and difference. First of all, in terms of interviewing, there are some difference and similarities between China and America.It is the same that during the interview, the interviewees need to dress up and be well-mannered, and they have to answer the questions asked by one or more than one interviewers. The difference is that, in the USA, the interviewers also hope the interviewees will ask questions, not just give answers, to ask some questions about the company, the system or something else. The interviewers want to see the enthusiasm of the inte rviewees and how much are they interested in the company through the questions. But in China, most of the interviewers do not like interviewees asking questions because they think this behavior is not respectful.They just need the interviewees to answer questions, but do not pay much attention to what the interviewees ask. Secondly, there are differences in management styles. The Chinese are much stricter, more conservative and efficient than Americans. Americans are more humorous, free and open. Different characteristics determine different management styles. The Chinese boss may force the employees to work till night due to an unfinished project, but the American boss may not do that, they clearly consider that, work is work, life is life.And also, the Chinese bosses control more, they do not allow the employees to get very involved in the decision-making process, they simply give orders. Compare to that, the Americans are more democratic. Thirdly, the relationship between employe es and bosses is different. A clear hierarchy exists in most of the Chinese companies. The boss and his employees are not totally equal, at least the call and the status. But in America, the employees can call bosses’ name and also be friends with them. That’s much more a free style. The other aspect is the business etiquettes.All cultures have rules of etiquette that must be followed in order to show respect. In China, businessmen and businesswomen are expected to dress conservatively in dark or neutral colors. Women's apparel should be modest. That means high necklines and low-heeled shoes. In America, it is also required to dress suitable, but not that much restricted. And also, understanding hierarchy is essential in China because the greatest attention, including order of address and seating, depends on the importance of the individual within the organization. Business people should know who answers to whom.The tone of conversation matters as well. But in the Amer ica, people are free to walk and talk in most of time. They don’t pay much attention to the seating and title anyway. Chinese businessmen would say simple words like â€Å"have you had meals? †or â€Å"where are you going? †when they meet. This reflects one person’s care for the other, but the American businessmen would feel bad as their privacy is interfered. Last but not the least, there are some differences in the job search. In America, the applications show questions directly like â€Å"do you know some relatives in our company?If you have, list the names. †or â€Å"have you worked in our company before? †. But in China, these kinds of questions are not allowed to be asked, because they show injustice or discrimination. I only mentioned five aspects about the differences between China and America in business practices. But actually, the differences are many more than I mentioned. I hope American and Chinese businessmen will understan d these differences in business practices and adjust to each other better. As the old saying goes â€Å"the only way to win a war is to know your enemy well†.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Salvation in Hinduism and Christianity
INTRODUCTION Salvation is a common belief for many religions despite the difference in their Supreme Being or Beings, which they seek deliverance from. In this research, a comparison between how salvation is viewed by Christians and Hindus will be examined so a conclusion can be formed. What is Christianity? Christianity is God’s revelation of himself and purpose to mankind. And his revelation was designed to bridge the gap between a rebellious world and a caring God. Christianity is found in most parts of the world, with in the region of one hundred million followers and could be the world’s largest religion.There are many branches of Christianity, namely Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican and Protestant churches. There are many Protestant Churches called denominations. They include Lutheran, Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, Pentecostals and many others. Protestant churches stress the importance of reading and understanding the bible. The members of these de-nominations are called Christians. Christians are described as people who follow the teachings and example of Jesus Christ. Christian teaching is written in the bible, which is divided into two parts called the Old and New Testaments.The bible is also used by Christians during worship, and it serves as a guideline on how to live their lives. Christian Beliefs Christians has many beliefs, some of which will be mentioned below. Christians believe that the universe was fashioned by God. According to the scriptures God created the heaven and earth in six days, and rested on the seventh day. They also believe that it is wrong to act against God’s laws, for example; killing and stealing. Any action against God’s law is referred to as a sin. The bible teaches that Jesus, who was without sin, came to earth and sacrificed his life for the sins of the world.Christians believe in life after death, because Jesus was raised from the dead. They also believed that Eternal Life is a gift from God. Christians believe that there will be a judgment, when Jesus will judge the living and the dead. Christians believe in a God who offers salvation to all who wish to take it. But there is a cost, and that is for people to accept God as rulers over their lives, their thoughts, motivations and actions. What Jesus’ Death on the Cross means to Christian The most commonly used Christian symbol is the cross.The cross is also important because his death on the cross mended the broken relationship between God and humanity. Christians used the word atonement to describe Jesus’ death on the cross. They also believed that Jesus redeemed mankind when he died on the cross. He paid the price for their sins. Jesus Christ died in our place, so that we will not suffer eternal death but become partakers of the life that he offers, we should have paid the penalty of eternal death ourselves since, we are the guilty ones. But the Saviour was willing to take our place.That w as what happened at the cross. â€Å"The ordinance of the Lord’s Supper was given to commemorate the great deliverance as a result of the death of Christ. The Lord’s Supper is the Christian’s Passover. The bread is a symbol of his broken body and the wine signifies his spilt blood which is shed for many for the remission of sins. In scripture Paul wrote â€Å"For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do show the Lord’s death till he come’ (1 Cor. 11:26). It is God’s grace that will bring about the change we need in our daily lives which will enable us to do â€Å"good†works.This race is free. It cannot be earned. It is undeserved favour from God. Satan is real, the battle is real, and only at the Cross was he defeated and his destruction made certain. Christian ways of Salvation Chris Wright in his book Beliefs, Questions and Issues stated that Christians are sometimes described as people who follow the teachings an d examples of Jesus Christ. They believed that by looking at Jesus, a person can see what God is like. Christians worship the Creator of heaven and earth the Father the son of God Jesus Christ, who is the Creator of all things.Most Christians believe in the second coming of Jesus Christ, to judge the living and dead. They believe that through Jesus’ death on the cross, salvation became possible as his death on the cross mended the broken relationship between God and humanity. This relationship was broken when humanity rebelled through sin against God. According to Oxford School Dictionary and thesaurus, salvation is the act of saving from loss or damage. This is a general view of the term. In the religion Christianity, salvation is saving souls from sin and its consequences.Salvation is achievable by first accepting that a mistake was made and so the feeling of sorrow and guilt is experienced. This is the act of repentance, the sin is then confessed, and the act of forgivenes s is desired. When this is done, the sinner’s desire is to forsake the sin. This is a combination of step two and three. The fourth step in the salvation process is justification. According to the book Growing in Christ, in justification the sinner is forgiven, acquitted of the charges of sin and reckoned righteousness. This act brings about the assurance of the believers acceptance. It also brings the joy of being united with God. †Sanctification is a result of true repentance and justification. The word sanctification means holiness or consecration which is a result of what God does in us. The blood of Christ for many Christians brings forth transformation. The believer becomes a new creation; the old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new. Why do Christians need Salvation and how is it Achieved Christians need salvation because of sin, which is the transgression of the law.The sin problem refers to the fall of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, which brought to the earth the Great Controversary between good and evil. And it is God’s action to rescue his people from the destruction of sin, which brings about salvation. The consequence of sin is death. Human beings live their lives every day with the reality of sin and its effects. The effects of sin were so great that without a divine solution, there would be no solution. We should all be grateful that the solution was given. It is called â€Å"the plan of salvation†and its purpose is to solve the problem of sinOnly through Jesus Christ can one experience salvation, â€Å"for there is no other name under heaven given among men which we must be saved†Acts 4:12. The experience of salvation involves repentance, confession, forgiveness, justification and sanctification. Sins have to be confessed and repented of before it can be forgiven. Sin does not only have to do with wrongfully committed acts. It also includes the desire and fantasizing about things that we know are wrong. There is also a category of sin that usually referred to as â€Å"sins of omission. This is the willful neglect of duty; a conscious refusal to do something one knows ought to be done. As sinners who have violated God’s law, we can do nothing to make ourselves right with God. The only way to save us was for Jesus to pay the penalty in our stead and then offer us the perfect righteousness, which we claim by faith. We cannot earn our salvation; it is a gift of grace. The Origin of Hinduism Hinduism has its root in the interrelationship of two basic religious systems of the ancient civilization residing in the Indus Valley from the third millennium B. C. nd the religious beliefs brought to India by the Aryan people who began infiltrating the Indus Valley sometime after 2000 B. C. Most Hindus believe in one supreme Spirit, Brahman which is unchanging and eternal. He is also described as â€Å"Ultimate Reality†and the ‘Absolute’. Hindu s worship a total of three hundred and thirty three million deities. For Hindus, these gods and goddesses are different aspects of Brahman, however the trimurti which is made up of Braham, Vishnu, and Shiva. Together they represent and control creation, preservation and destruction. Hindu BeliefsFor Hindus, death is not the end but merely the separation of the soul from the body. They believe that the body dies and the soul continues its eternal journey. Hindus believe in re-incarnation that the soul is re-embodied according to the law of Karma. The cycle of death and re-incarnation continues many times. Their ultimate goal is to attain moksha. Hindus cremate their dead, since they believe that this releases the soul to continue its journey. Hindus believe that every thought and action has consequences. This is the law of Karma. The goal of Hindus is to achieve moksha that is, to be free from that cycle.To achieve moksha, it is important to follow the right path in life. The right p ath is called yoga. There are many forms namely: karma yoga is doing service for humanity; raj yoga is practicing self-control and meditation; bhakti yoga is the path of loving devotion; and jnana yoga is the path of knowledge and understanding through study and discipline. Hindus practice the spiritual exercises of meditation and yoga as ways to help them centre their thoughts on God. Hindu ways of Salvation In the religion of Hinduism, there are four aims of life.They are Dharma – the aim to carry out ones duty, Artha – the aim to make an honest living, Kama – the aim to enjoy the pleasures of life and Moksha – the aim to become free from the cycle of rebirth. In Hinduism salvation is known as the fourth aim of life Moksha. Moksha is when an enlightened human being is freed from the cycle of life and death (the endless cycle of death and reincarnation) and comes into a state of completeness. He then becomes one with God. There are four ways to Moksha: T he way of Action: This involves carrying our certain religious ceremonies, duties and rites.The objective is to perform works without regard for personal gain. The Way of Knowledge: This requires using your mind and philosophy to come to a complete comprehension of the universe The Way of Devotion: Salvation is reached through acts of worship, based upon the love for a God (there are thousands of gods in Hinduism). The Royal Road: The use of meditation and yoga techniques. This method of reaching salvation is typically only used by wondering monks. Each of these ways to salvation in Hinduism requires that a person do certain things. Salvation is through what a Hindu does.However, many Hindu believe that this salvation is only achievable by the caste system which is associated with reincarnation. According to Hindu teaching, there are four basic castes or social classes (and thousands of sub-groups within the castes). Each has its own rules and obligations pertaining to nearly all fa cet of life. At the top are the Brahmins or priests. Second in rank are the Kshatriyas or warriors and rulers. Third are the Vaisyas or merchants and farmers. Below these are the Shudras or laboring class. Salvation is possible only for the top three castes, which are called the â€Å"twice born. Outside the caste system are the untouchables or the outcastes. Though outlawed in India in the late 1940’s, many in the countryside are still considered outcastes. Conclusion Hindus are correct in their recognition that all is not right with the world and with human existence in it. They are correct as well in suggesting that the ultimate to the human dilemma is spiritual in nature. However, there is little common ground between Christianity and Hinduism. We will now look at a few more important areas. First Hinduism lacks any understanding that God created the world for a good purpose.Also lacking is a conception of God as infinitely holy and righteous and as the one to whom we as humans are accountable for the way we conduct our lives. Another area of contrast between Hinduism and Christianity is the conception of human nature and of the source of our estrangement from God. According to Hindu teaching, man is divine at the core of his being. He is one with God. According to the biblical teaching, however, the source of our alienation from God, is not ignorance of our divinity, but our sinful rebellion against God and his purpose for our lives.This now leads us to our final pointâ€â€the way of salvation. According to most Hindu teaching, salvation from the cycle of reincarnation is achieved by our own effortsâ€â€whether through good works, meditation, or devotion to a deity. According to the Bible, however, our spiritual need is for deliverance from God’s judgment on our sin and for restoration to a life under his direction and care. This salvation can be provided only by God’s gracious and undeserved action in our behalf It is true tha t in certain Hindu groups there is a similar emphasis on God’s grace (probably as a result of past Christian influence).But even here, there is a major distinction. The Hindu teaching about grace sees no need for atonement for sin, but simply offers forgiveness without any satisfaction of the judgment on sin required by a holy God. In contrast, the Christian gospel is this: God the Son became human, died a sacrificial death on the cross, making real forgiveness of sins against the real God possible to those you place complete trust in Christ. All who do so can experience true forgiveness, know God and his purpose for their lives, and have the assurance of Eternal Life with Him.
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