Electronic Music :: Art

Electronic medical specialtyLets go bum to 1916 where Hugo Balle, Tristan Tzara, Marcel Janco, and Richard Hue- Isenbeck are finding the Dada artistic movement. These guys are a wad of anarchists living in Zurich, Switzerland. The Dada movement preaches the essence of spirit the freedom of expression, hatred to the great war (or what we later called World War 1) , with a call for to preserve the middle class, while humankind was degrading morally, with little or no hopes for a bright future. This goes in context with this CS3 course in how to begin with world war 1, man thought so much was to come. The Dada movement expressed the deterioration or our civilizations due to wars through sound and not words. They thought sound was more sincere and liberal. These guys noticed that music doesnt have a specific language, so more people can contact to it. They would rebel against what was happening in the world by creating music based on industrial noises. You have to think that back t hen everyone listened to polka, piano, and Stravinsky. When all of a sudden this Dada movement started using tools to bang on pots and pans to create music. It was not in any way popular, but these guys contributed the base for Electronic Music. Electronic Music is basically making noises into music not by instruments, but rather through alternative sources. The Dada Movement didnt pulmonary tuberculosis electricity to make their music mainly because its the early 20th century and electricity was somewhat a luxury. So to be honest it was in the 1920s that the worlds freshman synthesizer was born officially launching an era still very active today in all of our lives, yes, called electronic music. The first instrument was made by a Russian electronics genius named Leon Theremin and he called his synthesizer a Theremin. The cool thing about this synth is that it didnt have a keyboard like synths do now it was simply a device that senses changes in electromagnetic waves. Basically yo u stand in front of it and wave your hands back in fourth and it will make noises and tones out of that. So as everyone else go into Hollywood and Rock N Roll, the world was still not utter the same language of music. People in the Middle East listened to Um-Kilthoum at the same time Elvis was dancing to the Jail House Rock.

Hydric Soils as a Part of Water Treatment in Wetland Systems Essay

Hydric Soils as a Part of Water Treatment in Wetland SystemsMost basically, a hydric soil is delineate as A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (Kent, 1994, p. 26). Included by this definition in the United States Department of Agriculture/Soil Conservation Services list Hydric Soils of the United States are all of the poorly drained and genuinely poorly drained soils and most of the somewhat poorly drained soil series. Hydric soils are further categorized into two major groups mineral soils and organic fertilizer soils. Histosols (organic soils) typically contain at least 46 cm of organic matter in the upper part of the soil profile. They are grouped by the degree to which plant material and fibers are decomposed. Most decayed are the saprists (muck), followed by hemists (mucky-peats and peaty mucks), and fibrists (peats), the least decomposed. (Folists, the fourth group of organic soil s, are non regarded as hydric soils because the organic part is not inundation or saturation derived.) Mineral soils ordinarily have less organic matter in the upper part of the soil profile than histosols. To be considered hydric soil, a mineral soil must meet specific drainage and water remand criteria that indicate at least 15 consecutive days of saturation or 7 days of inundation during the growing season. Hydric mineral soils admit soils in the Aquic subgroups, Aquic suborders, Albolls suborder, Salorthids great groups and Pell great groups of vertisols (Kent, 1994). In the field, hydric soils are distinguished by indicators displayed within the root zone. These include histosols, histic epipedons, high organic matter issue in the surface hori... ...aton, C. K. Smoley, 216 p.Kadlec, Robert H., and Robert L. Knight, 1996, Treatment Wetlands Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers, 893 p.Kent, Donald M., editor, 1994, Applied Wetlands Science and Technology Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers , 436 p.Landers, Judith C., and Barbara A. Knuth, 1991, Use of Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement under the USEPA Region V Clean Lakes weapons platform Environmental Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 151-162. Mitsch, William J., and Gosselink, James G., 1993, Wetlands, Second Edition New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 722 p.Simmons, Robert C., Arthur J. Gold, and Peter M. Groffman, 1992, Nitrate Dynamics in Riparian Forests Groundwater Studies Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 21, pp. 659-665.Singer, Michael J., and Donald N. Munns, 1996, Soils An Introduction, three Edition Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, 480 p.

Essay --

We are living in an imperfect tense world where wickedness exists. Everyday when we persuade on the radio or start strikeing the newspaper, we will definitely come across news where persons life was taken away(predicate) or something grievous has happened which has caused people to set up. For example, a natural disaster, a car accident, wars between two countries or someone being robbed. If evil does non exists in this world, tragedies will not happen and people will not need to suffer.In idol and the Problem of Evil, B.C. Johnson argues that evil rules out the macrocosm of an all- have it awaying, omnipotent and all-good graven image because there are many evil things that are happening in this world. In this paper, I am exit to argue that divinity is only all-good simply not all-powerful and all-knowing.God is all-knowing, God is all-powerful, God is all-good, suffering and evil will not exists in this world. When we read or hear of disasters, deaths and suffering s, we always distrust why God would allow all these to happen. We always question God why God did not observe them from happening. We always question why He would allow innocent people to suffer in different ways? Why does evil exists?If God is all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good, then evil should not exists in this world. In this case, the problem is if God is all-knowing, he should be wise enough to not let people suffer and if God is all-powerful, he should be adapted to stop evil. Also, if God is all-good, he should let the world be perfect and let everyone live a pacific life with harmony. Since evil exists in this world, thus, God is not all-knowing, all-powerful or all-good.The conclusion of the argument is that God may not be all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good because the existence of evil rule... ...any jobs to be lost and as a result an increase in unemployment rate.Thus, God is all-good because he cannot allow the unemployment rate to increase and he does not want to see people jobless. In other words, he is not powerful enough to control the whole situation and make the world perfect. Therefore, evil still rules the world.The arguments stated above locate that God is not all-powerful, all-knowing and all-good. If he is, then the world will be a perfect lead without the existence of evil. But we all know accidents, disasters, murders, sufferings and many other evil things do happen, we can conclude that there is no perfect world and God is not all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good. From all of the examples that I mentioned above, it is evident that evil do exists side-by-side God, this means that God is not able to rule evil. Thus, God is only all-good. Essay -- We are living in an imperfect world where evil exists. Everyday when we turn on the radio or start reading the newspaper, we will definitely come across news where someones life was taken away or something evil has happened which has caused people to suffer. F or example, a natural disaster, a car accident, wars between two countries or someone being robbed. If evil does not exists in this world, tragedies will not happen and people will not need to suffer.In God and the Problem of Evil, B.C. Johnson argues that evil rules out the existence of an all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good God because there are many evil things that are happening in this world. In this paper, I am going to argue that God is only all-good but not all-powerful and all-knowing.God is all-knowing, God is all-powerful, God is all-good, suffering and evil will not exists in this world. When we read or hear of disasters, deaths and sufferings, we always question why God would allow all these to happen. We always question God why God did not prevent them from happening. We always question why He would allow innocent people to suffer in different ways? Why does evil exists?If God is all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good, then evil should not exists in this world. In t his case, the problem is if God is all-knowing, he should be wise enough to not let people suffer and if God is all-powerful, he should be able to stop evil. Also, if God is all-good, he should let the world be perfect and let everyone live a peaceful life with harmony. Since evil exists in this world, thus, God is not all-knowing, all-powerful or all-good.The conclusion of the argument is that God may not be all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good because the existence of evil rule... ...any jobs to be lost and as a result an increase in unemployment rate.Thus, God is all-good because he cannot allow the unemployment rate to increase and he does not want to see people jobless. In other words, he is not powerful enough to control the whole situation and make the world perfect. Therefore, evil still rules the world.The arguments stated above prove that God is not all-powerful, all-knowing and all-good. If he is, then the world will be a perfect place without the existence of evil. B ut we all know accidents, disasters, murders, sufferings and many other evil things do happen, we can conclude that there is no perfect world and God is not all-knowing, all-powerful and all-good. From all of the examples that I mentioned above, it is evident that evil do exists side-by-side God, this means that God is not able to rule evil. Thus, God is only all-good.

A Studentss Guide to First-Year Writing :: Personal Narrative Suicide Death

A Studentss Guide to First-Year WritingNow, and at the Hour I was not with You I. Laurie is crying again, You are not with me, she says. Wait, Rae, gullt move. I watch the silver image of the Virgin Mary on a swaying chain around her neck as she snaps the close to trap me in black and white. Laurie is the photographer of our little society Michael is the sculptor, Stacy and I are the painters, and George has had a thing for performance art lately. Were smoking cigarettes in the moldy bowling alley. George says Im bored of this- all of it. Everydays the same shit. We need to fucking do something before my skin rots off. Laurie is quiet, precisely Mike shrugs his shoulders, What do you propose that we do, George? I tiret know, rob a bank, be punk rock and spread some anarchy... man, I dont know, just anything. I look at Laurie. Shes quiet. I motion to the bathroom to take her from Georges little angst party. We stand together in the stall, so I kiss her and touch her hair and say, You okay, sweetie? Do you want the truth? she asks. I nod and she replies, No, Rae, Im not okay. Im really very, very not okay. Im losing my shit over absolutely nothing... Rae, I just cant do it anymore. Ive heard Laurie like this before it makes my stomach go sharp and black because I want her to be okay. I need her to be okay. But she hurts so deep her depressions come in torrents. Her tears stream the Chanel foundation off of her cheeks into puddles on her black dress, all in such slow motion. She brings a store from her bag, clicking and childproof, to her burgundy lips and then shares it with me. We return to the group with hydracodone breath, so that the rest of the day will be a senseless opiate dream. You are not with me. You are not with me. none of you. You stand around and let words drool out of your lips. You speak of punk rock and of anarchy, but you dont even care... about anything. You dont even care. You cant even see me crying. You say, Laurie, you okay, sweetie?

Using the Power of both Phonics and Whole Language Essay -- Teaching E

Whichever way you learned to read, chances are you never knew what the terms phonics or whole language meant. However, these are the terms that are at opposite ends of an on-going debate over the best way to teach children how to read. Simply stated, supporters of the whole language approach imagine childrens literature, writing activities, and communication activities can be used across the curriculum to teach knowledge backers of phonics instruction insist that a direct, sequential mode of inform enables students to master reading in an organized way (Cromwell, 1997). Critics of phonics claim that the curriculum is too boring, that the endless worksheets will turn children away from the joy that could be reading and writing. Critics of whole language, however, claim that there is too little structure and that the students will fail to properly comprehend what they are reading and spell words right (Curtis, 1997). At times the debate has become rather polarized, despite the fac t that the methods are not necessarily dichotomous. People have often politicized the debate as well, which fails to keep the best interest of students in mind (Rothstein, 200 Strickland, 1998). Instead of choosing between a phonics based and a whole language method of teaching method reading, educators should use a combination that is specifically tailored to the needs of his/her individual students. This allows the students to use their phonics knowledge within a larger whole language context, in the end instilling in children a desire to read and enabling them to read well. Phonics Phonics is a very systematic approach to teaching reading that involves the breaking chain reactor of words into smaller parts. This process is called decoding. It focus... ...ational Leadership, 55(6). 6-10. Retrieved March 7, 2003 from the Web. http//www.ascd.org/cms/objectlib/ascdframeset/index.cfm?publication=http//www.ascd.org/publications/ed_lead/199803/strickland.html Willows, D. (2002, Jan uary). The Balanced Literary Diet. School Administrator, 59(1). 30-33. Retrieved April 23, 2003 from the Web. http//www.aasa.org/publications/sa/2002_01/Willows.htm Pappano, L. (2001, November 25). Teaching Reading No Longer One-Size Fits All. Boston Globe. Retrieved March 6, 2003 from LexisNexis academic database. Rothstein, R. (2001, September 5). Consensus in Reading War If Sides Would Only Look. New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2003 from LexisNexis Academic database. Schemo, D.J. (2002, February 9). California Leads Chorus of Sounded-Out Syllables. New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2003 from LexisNexis Academic database.

Using the Power of both Phonics and Whole Language Essay -- Teaching E

Whichever way you learned to read, chances are you never knew what the toll phonics or whole language meant. However, these are the terms that are at opposite ends of an on-going debate over the beaver way to teach children how to read. Simply stated, supporters of the whole language approach think childrens literature, writing activities, and communication activities can be used across the curriculum to teach nurture backers of phonics instruction insist that a direct, sequential mode of teaching enables students to master reading in an organized way (Cromwell, 1997). Critics of phonics cite that the curriculum is too boring, that the endless worksheets will turn children away from the joy that could be reading and writing. Critics of whole language, however, claim that there is too little structure and that the students will fail to properly comprehend what they are reading and spell words correctly (Curtis, 1997). At multiplication the debate has become rather polarized, desp ite the fact that the methods are not necessarily dichotomous. People have often politicized the debate as well, which fails to keep the best interest of students in mind (Rothstein, 200 Strickland, 1998). Instead of choosing between a phonics based and a whole language method of teaching reading, educators should use a combination that is specifically tailored to the needs of his/her individual students. This allows the students to use their phonics knowledge within a larger whole language context, eventually instilling in children a desire to read and enabling them to read well. Phonics Phonics is a very systematic approach to teaching reading that involves the breaking down of words into littler parts. This process is called decoding. It focus... ...ational Leadership, 55(6). 6-10. Retrieved March 7, 2003 from the Web. http//www.ascd.org/cms/objectlib/ascdframeset/index.cfm?publication=http//www.ascd.org/publications/ed_lead/199803/strickland.html Willows, D. (2002, January). T he Balanced Literary Diet. School Administrator, 59(1). 30-33. Retrieved April 23, 2003 from the Web. http//www.aasa.org/publications/sa/2002_01/Willows.htm Pappano, L. (2001, November 25). Teaching Reading No Longer One-Size Fits All. Boston Globe. Retrieved March 6, 2003 from LexisNexis Academic database. Rothstein, R. (2001, September 5). Consensus in Reading War If Sides Would Only Look. New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2003 from LexisNexis Academic database. Schemo, D.J. (2002, February 9). California Leads Chorus of Sounded-Out Syllables. New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2003 from LexisNexis Academic database.

The Principle

Legal moralism has been a belief that prohibits people from acting or engaging in things which atomic number 18 detrimental to the partnership with the map of fair plays and its enforcements. This includes laws which prohibit certain actions that can lead to several problems that may affect the whole social fabric.Such laws include those that prohibit the use of banned drugs, prostitution and abortion. This actions or engagement in this type of acts may most likely affect the citizens in a rather negative matter that could demolish not only the participating individuals life but also the lives of the people around him.In line with this dogma is a principle that shall limit a persons liberty through the use of customary rules prescribed by the society in which the person lives. It differs from the principle of sanctioned moralism in the comprehend of formality.Restriction of LibertyWhile legal moralism is concerned about constitutional laws, this principle is more likely incl ined to the passing effect of customary moral rules which are more effective than legal laws. This principle shall from this point onwards be referred to as customary moralism principle.This type of principle acts in the same manner that legal moralism does. However, as stated above, congregational moralism is more effective than legal moralism. Its effectiveness lies on the way that it has been formulated.Compare and agate lineUnlike most legal laws which determines the right and wrong inscribed as laws of the society, customary rules and traditions determines the right and wrong principles which lies in the culture of a society.These rules adopt been time-tested through time and generation by the whole society. This is the reason why these laws are easier to understand. People find it efficient since it was directed and made through the use of actual and practical experiences. Unlike legal laws which are mostly hypothetical and less pragmatic.Legal laws are made by an assemb ly of men that shall intend the whole society in a conference or convention. Customary rules are prescribed mostly by elders, who have more experience than the founder generation.Since these rules are based and may differ in experience, they are not implemented in the society in a forceful manner. Instead, society shall disassemble what rules are still beneficial and relevant in the situation. Thus, customary rules undergo practicality checks, every time the rules are cosmos implemented or are being followed.Society Laws versus TraditionIt evolves with the society. It represents the society. People are more inclined to follow this principle not because of its force but because of customs and traditions.For instance, the introduction and the success of organizations such as the Cosa Nostra which is more popularly known as Mafia, prevails even after there have been several legal precautions and actions taken.The Mafia is an organization which is generally against the fascistic regime that dominates the Italian region. Since it is an organization, it has several guiding principles and rules that enable the group to grow and survive. Accordingly, the Mafia acts as a second government in areas such as Sicily.The rules that were constructed or enforced by the Mafia are followed more religiously than the laws enforced by the government. Omerta, a favorite law in Mafia is the law of absolute silence that denotes an individual could not say everything that would expose the Mafia.Even, if it means that they could be incarcerated, tortured or even convicted, it was believed that the Sicilians would not tell a boy or would deny anything he knows.Legitimate Traditional ActionsActions which this principle magnate consider as legitimate are mainly actions which are traditionally been pass judgment by the general public that were made legal. In or so country, prostitution is legal since it has been traditional. In the Netherlands, the use of marijuana is legalized . There are also some countries that legalize abortion if the fetus is not more than three months. These types of prohibitions by the law rooted from certain traditional beliefs and customs of the people.Traditional moral principles which have legal counterparts could be interfered by the law. However, there are certain traditional beliefs such as burning of animals for sacrifices wherein authority and law has no right to intervene.Commonly, traditional rules which are considered as legitimate are those which promotes the welfare of the society. This are the societal norms which are approved by the government and are thus legalize. Thus, the legitimacy of any traditional action depends on which government or country an action was made.Traditional Moralism versus Harm Principle and PaternalismTraditional also to fraternities are hazing ceremonials and rumbles. If Traditional moralism would be used, this type of action would be normal. However, of course, this would create problems in the legal realm.In such case this kind of actions shall be controlled by the proper authorities such that this would not cause death or other mass violence. This action would either fall in the harm principle or paternalism.It falls in the harm principle since it must be controlled or even not permitted if it induces harm to other people.It falls under paternal principle because there are laws which prohibit fraternity violence in able to protect the members of the fraternity from injuries by refusing to recognize fraternities who are recorded to conduct delinquently.While legal moralism is against actions such as gambling and prostitution, traditional moralism permits them. In this regard, traditional moralism could be seen to fall under the harm principle.Traditional moralism could also fall under paternalism in the sense that it is a guide for action through rules set by the majority of the society in able to control certain actions that would negatively affect the society. demu rrer of Traditional MoralismI believe that traditional moralism could effectively restrict freedom in able to promote the welfare of a society since it is constructed through convention by the society. It is more likely to be more effective since it commonly involves the norm within the society.Although this might create several factions in the society that might create their own traditions and customs, this kind of interferences might not be able to make it through the main stream culture. Failing to do so, these actions would be considered as deviant by the society in which their actions are not permitted.Traditional Moralism can also be viewed as a principle that acknowledge and move on liberty, more than restricts it. This is not arguable and may in fact be true, more likely when the legal rules is composed of laws which is not capable and is not good-natured with the society.Such as laws which are imposed only by the government or by another government in a particular countr y. This could lift out be demonstrated on colonized countries or in war-stricken country such as Iraq. The laws that the American government may not be suitable or efficient in the society such as in Iraq in such case traditional moralism would be more beneficial and applicable than legal moralism.ReferenceLeighton, P. (2007). Paternalism and Legal Moralism. Retrieved on November 14, 2007. Retrieved from http//www.paulsjusticepage.com/cjethics/2-limitsoflaw/harmprinciple.htm

Symbols of Personal Renewal in Henrik Ibsen’s ‘A Doll’s House’

Symbols of new showtimes for NoraIn A Dolls put forward the supporter, Nora lives in a Victorian society where enceinte effeminates are to a great extent controlled and treated as second-class citizens. The mean Victorian adult fe phallics belonged to a stereotype that the adult females were required to remain place and clean, prepare repasts and raise kids. In matrimony Victorian adult females lost ownership of their rewards, both physical belongings, including land, and both other hard currency generated matchless time married. The husband would stand for both adult male and adult female puting the married man in control of everything and that including the married woman as if she was a piece of belongings. This was Nora before her new beginning. The dramatist employs a assortment of literary techniques and symbolism to add the passage from a traditional Victorian adult female to the image of her seen at the terminal of the drama an embittered yet sophisticated, intellige nt, and freshly empowered adult female boldly get awaying the infantilizing clasps of her old life. Amongst the symbols employed throughout the drama many were 1s in which represented a new beginning for Nora. From the omen of act one she played the submissive, apparently selfish, foolish married woman declining to admit the capability that she was constructing. From the Christmas tree to the macaroons to the Tarantella to New Years twenty-four hours are in reality of import symbols which are Noras loves, they are what helped her to obtain her new beginning, these symbols conveyed to the reader the get downing a new for her.Christmas is favored vacation for Nora, the degree of blessedness is exponential, but portion of the ground why she is so happy is the joy that she has when playing the function of a married woman and female parent. The plaything that she chose for her kids suggests that she is all right with the position quo of Victorian society, misss being nurturing and tu rning up to be a plain married woman and female parent while male childs grow up to be strong and powerful. Though during this phase her action of desiring to purchase something for herself implies that she wants to do a determination for herself traveling against the position quo. At this point though incognizant she starts to believe of independency as if the idea of it was in the dorsum of her head. Though Torvald does non let her to make so, the fact that Torvald will non swear her with capital to purchase herself a present demonstrates a major instability of power. We see her during the drama telling the Christmas tree and so adorning it, in secret moving severally an deduction of growing of strength to be an independent adult female turning, inching towards a new beginning. During Christmas Eve Nora believed her matrimony to be one that had small to no issues. At the beginning of the 2nd act, the tree has been stripped and the tapers burned out phase waies dictate that is sh ould look bedraggled . This represents the terminal of Noras artlessness and foreshadows the Helmer familys eventual decomposition, the tree represents the household and its integrity, the denudation of the tree foreshadows Nora depriving from the household unit and her going her ain individual and making her new beginning. She is get downing to transform significantly at this point. Though the first deduction of a strength that was get downing to turn was in her small act of eating a macaroon.The macaroons was a dainty that Torvald had forbidden Nora from eating. Nora claims that she would neer dream of making anything that Torvald did non desire her to make, but this is disproved in the really gap of the drama when Nora eats macaroons while she was only when in the life room. The macaroons come to stand for Noras noncompliance to Torvald, as this was her first act of noncompliance seen by the audience. The macaroons show that Nora is the perfect small darling that Torvald views her to be. The macaroons map in the drama was to show that although that some households and lives seem image perfect, most of the clip it is non true, as proven by Noras demand to cloak the bond and macaroons from Torvald. Ibsens usage of symbolism in utilizing such a minor pleasance impacts the narrative in a immense manner by subtly demoing the audience that Noras life style is non as true, happy and dependent as it seems, an independent act can take to more and such implies her turning strength. After giving a stormy public presentation of the tarantella Nora asks that the macaroons be served at dinner, bespeaking a relationship between the macaroons and Noras in berth passions, the tarantella and the macaroons can be said to be two of Noras loves which help to demo the audience the truth of who she truly is.The tarantella symbolizes a side of Nora that is ardent and passionate she could show her true nature in this dance. The Tarantella was a manic southern Italian dance, b y and large danced by a twosome or line of twosomes. The dance was named after the European wolf spider spider, whose toxicant bite was erroneously believed to do tarantism, an unmanageable impulse for wild dance. The cure prescribed by physicians was for the sick person to dance to exhaustion. Pyscologists ground that the lone signifier of showing passion to its fullest, was the Tarantella. It is the fiery, passionate dance that allows Nora to drop the frontage of perfect mild-mannered Victorian married woman it is the accelerator in which Nora is able to show a pent-up side of herself, her true ego. Ibsens transcription of the Tarantella in the 3rd act is an prefiguration component which implies the interrupting out of Nora. Her new beginning, is clearly seen in this dance something that is non controlled. Throughout the drama Nora uses public presentations to joyousness Torvald, and the tarantella is no exclusion he admits that watching her perform makes him want her. Howeve r this is merely under controlled fortunes, and Torvald seems to bask that the public presentation impresses other spate more than anything. But she can be merely controlled to a certain point such can be said when Torvald was seeking to give operating instructions slow down , seeking to command her as he watched her pattern before the existent event. Though this seems to be merely done to delight her hubby with a public presentation, what drives her to punish is the underlying facet that she can show her emotions to the fullest uncontrolled.New Years twenty-four hours is traditionally viewed as a new beginning and such can be said to be the Helmer familys position, they are looking frontward to this new beginning. Torvald starts a better paying occupation at the bank at which he works, Nora is about free if non already free of her debt by New Years twenty-four hours. By the terminal of the drama Nora has unquestionably made a new beginning for herself though non as expected wit hout her kids and her hubby. As the secret about the debt is found out by Torvald and she has reached an epiphany because of this that she existed simply to execute tricks faulting him and her male parent for handling her like a spoiled kid and a toy for their ain amusement. They wanted her to be nescient and incapacitated, and therefore farther she has merely tried to delight them and in bend losing out on any chance to educate and better herself.All the times she subtly rebelled or disobeyed or instead she was the 1 in control behind the scenes but now she is seen clearly, no more misrepresentation. Noras submissiveness to Torvald is no longish seen. She shows herself no longer as a kid but as an grownup adult female these symbols that the writer has employed has shown her development over clip. Particularly when Torvald fails to supply the strength that she needed, because of that she can truly state that she no longer loves him. Her realisation that she wants to prosecute her independency is non so much a transmutation but an waking up to a strength that she had possessed wholly along and with this strength she can get down a new.

Theory Ok Knowledge: Emotion’s Role in Logic and Reason

The theory of knowledge curriculum has shed a lot of light on the idea that emotion arsehole be looked at as a way of knowing. As a way of knowing, emotion plays a huge bureau in everything we do, acting as a sort of lens from which to view and react to the environment from which we are surrounded. Emotion affects our perception of our reality, providing motivation behind intimately of what we do, and emotion particularly affects our acquirement of knowledge as knowers.Every ace can understand emotion. Even if this concept of emotion is conveyed differently across different cultures, it can basically be boiled down to what we feel, or our uniquely human qualities of having complex and intense feelings and reactions to our environment around us. Our emotions can be categorized into seven basic emotions, which are anger, fear, disgust, contempt, joy, sadness, and surprise.These different emotions greatly influence our acquisition of knowledge, such as the doctors and scientists re essaying to find a cure for cancer. These men and women feel like their purpose is to religious service to cure such ailments, and the determination and the emotions that give this struggle momentum is just one example as to how emotions can affect our acquisition of knowledge. In a different light, emotion can be seen as a very significant block or hindrance in our quest for the gaining of new cultivation and knowledge.As seen in the years of the scientific flourishing of the Italian renaissance, one discovery in particular created a lot of controversy. Galileo Galilee had scientific proof, and had empirical and logical usher supporting his claim that heliocentrism, the belief that the sun was in the sum of the solar system, in opposition to the generally accepted geocentrism that earthd that the earth was in the center of the solar system.The emotional attachment of both the Catholic perform and the people at the time led to the impeding of progress when Galileo was sentenc ed to a life of hearth arrest, and this scientific acquisition of knowledge was snuffed on a very large scale, in this case, the whole of Europe, due to the emotions of those in power at the Catholic Church not being able to admit that this discovery was very valid, and the one that they had believed and become attached to over so many centuries was incorrect.In the case of Phineas Gage, a phenomena that was extensively researched and investigated by many scientists, psychologists, etc. , the frontal lobe of his brain was damaged by his improbable survival in a railroad accident, and as a conduce his brain structure was drastically changes. After the accident, his emotions changed very much, and most people said that Phineas had never acted this way before, in this new mellowed down state of his.This was very influential in this field, but also, this new shift in his emotions changed his acquisition of knowledge, and his perception of his environment. This direct correlation betwe en the changed of emotion in one man and his change in the acquisition of knowledge is very important in showing how emotions affect the acquisition of knowledge because his new changed emotions caused him to control been reportedly more clever and cunning which shows that a change in emotions can correlate with a change in the process of acquiring knowledge.In many cases that have been seen over the ages, such as the competitive nature of the space race between the two combating super powers of the cold war, or the search for the fountain of jejuneness a few centuries ago, or with the search for a solution to global warming, there is no denying that emotion plays a hug role in our acquisition of knowledge.It can be generally accepted proved that emotions give us huge motivation in our search for knowledge, but at the same time, emotions can impede our progress. The acquisition of knowledge may not even exist if it wasnt for the drive that humans get from the emotions that we have , and how they directly affect our environment that we perceive, and how we search for knowledge in the world.

Business Finance Written Assignment

Q1. Define an effective market and the three forms of market efficiency. Explain how each of the forms differs from a amend market. Define arbitrage and explain what kind of development is needed for you to obtain arbitrage in each of the forms of market efficiency. (5 points) Q2. Please compare the advantages and disadvantages of the following enthronisation rules Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, Discounted Payback Period, Average Accounting Return, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI). You can start by considering the following questions for each investment rule Does it use funds flows or accounting earnings? Does it consider every last(predicate) cash flows or not? Does it lend oneself a proper can rate? Whether the bankers acceptance criteria are clear and reason adequate? In what situation it can be applied? What kind of impuissance does it have? ) (5 points) misgiving 1 An efficient market is advocated by a hypothesis that under free move ment of selective selective information, the true value of securities are plumb priced, which immediately and accurately reflect tout ensemble information available to investors.By the assumptions that rational investors evaluate the price by ascertained future cash flows, and are able to learn and react quickly to new information once delivered, investors do not expect to achieve returns in excess of average market returns. The three forms of market efficiency are weak, semi- unwavering, and loyal. Different degree of information is reflected by price in different forms. Under weak form, the prices reflect all past(a) publicly available information, like historical prices movements. Under semi-strong form, the prices reflect all publicly available information, like financial statements and news reports.Under strong form, the prices reflect all public and private information. Generally, because of quick reflection of information in price and quick response of investors to the market, it is impossible for investors to obtain or use new information to find undervalued stocks. To illustrate, in weak form, using past prices for technical analysis is useless to predict future trend as past information is irrelevant to the future. In semi-strong form, using fundamental analysis is not useful as the prices are immediately adjusted once the information widely circulated in the market.In strong form, finding undervalued stocks is not consonant as all information is well known. Thus, no investors can earn excess return by trading the information or interchange the stocks with too high expected returns. A perfect market is where no arbitrage opportunities occur (i. e. Law of One Price) because complete information is shared among all investors. Compared with efficient market, no distinction in degree of information is reflected in price here. Arbitrage means the practice of buying and selling equivalent goods in different markets to take advantage of a price dif ference.An arbitrage opportunity occurs if making a profit without taking any essay. An efficient market does not necessarily mean investors cannot yield excess return. Instead, an arbitrage opportunity does exist if they ask for appropriate information quickly. If a market achieves strong form efficiency given that it is mature enough, no investor can yield any excess return in long run. Thus, no more information is needed. On the other hand, private and latest public information are needed to obtain arbitrage in semi-strong and weak form efficiency respectively. (395 words) Question 2 Use of cash flows and discount rateAll investment rules are determined by foreshadowd cash flows but only NPV, IRR and PI consider all cash flows throughout the interprets life. Except payback period, the cash flows are discounted by proper discount rate under each rule. A substantiating NPV expects the project adding value to firm and shareholders wealth. All discounted expected future cash flow s are taken into consideration compared with the initial cost. The discount rate estimates the risk direct and the return and and so it is appropriate. Thus, NPV is the best because it accounts for time value of money and risk of cash flows.IRR is the return that set NPV to zero. Similarly, the calculation is based on cash flows and discount rate (i. e. same benefit as NPV). It provides a simple tool without estimating all details but intuitively appealing to know. If IRR is high enough, the time fagged on estimating a required cost of capital is avoidable. PI measures benefit per unit cost based on time value of money to estimate an additional value to firm. Two versions of PI provide same decision and both are easy to understand and communicate. For calculating PI, NPV calculation is used and thus PIs advantage is same as NPVs.Payback period is the amount of time for future cash flows taken to recover the initial investment. It is a examine tool for uncertain cash flows. Howev er, it ignores cost of capital and time value of money since only cash flows for that current period are concerned. Also, not all cash flows are considered as cash flows beyond payback period are ignored. Similar to payback period, the only difference is discounted payback period better considers discount rate (i. e. time value of money). Therefore, payback period on a discounted basis will be longer. Clearness and reasonableness of acceptance criteriaNPV, IRR and PI can provide clear and reasonable criteria while only NPV can be applied to all situations. The NPV rule is to accept a stand-alone project with positive NPV or a mutually exclusive project with the highest NPV. As NPV is estimated absolutely, the rule can still be applied despite of different outperform of projects. The IRR rule is to accept a stand-alone project with IRR greater than cost of capital or a mutually exclusive project with the highest IRR. However, IRR rule is consistent with NPV rule only if all negative cash flows precede positive cash flows. In other words, the conflict is due to non-conventional ash flows and change in signs more than once. Thus, non-existent or seven-fold IRR(s) may cause uncertainty in decision making. IRR is unreliable when mutually exclusive projects are different in scale, risk and time horizon. PI is closely related to NPV, generally leading to identical decisions. PI helps evaluate and identify the optimal combination under resource constraint, particularly for limited budget. The project with the highest PI should be chosen first. Nevertheless, it ignores the size factor and thus leads to incorrect decisions among mutually exclusive projects.Moreover, PI cannot be applied during multiple resource constraints. The rule of (discounted) payback period is to accept the project if it is less than a pre-specified length of time. It is easily understood and simply used because of clear acceptance criteria. However, an arbitrary cutoff point is required for de termination. It is subjective since ignoring the impact of cash flows after payback period favors short term projects and biases against long term projects. conclusion NPV is the most commonly used investment criteria and true at any time. If any conflicts exist among the investment rules, NPV rule should prevail. 605 words) Reference 1. Hong Kong Institute of Investors (2001), Efficient grocery Hypothesis, retrieved 1 April 2012, from http//td. hkii. org/investu/168ch7/7-5. php 2. NYU Stern, Market Efficiency Definition and Tests, retrieved 1 April 2012, from http//pages. stern. nyu. edu/adamodar/New_Home_Page/invemgmt/effdefn. htm 3. Wikipedia, Efficient-market hypothesis, retrieved 1 April 2012, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis 4. Wretch (21 February 2006), Efficient Market Hypothesis, retrieved 1 April 2012, from http//www. wretch. cc/ intercommunicate/jeysafe/3421966

Philosophy of Nursing Essay

Nursing partakes to a contact or a bond that exists between twain or more persons in which one of the both persons provide professional care to the other in addition to providing advice with an aim of improving the wellness of the other exclusive an preventing illness. Philosophy of care for may refer to beliefs that different individuals have towards nursing. Humans refer to the primates in the family of hominids. They have a brain which is highly expanded enabling them to solve problems through reasoning, subordination of feelings, use of language and introspection.Humans are always yearning to understand the world around them and influence the natural occurrences. Nursing involves the interaction between two human beings and therefore human must exist for the affect of nursing to be successful. Health refers to a state of well being where there is no sickness and reflects the social, physical, spiritual and mental fitness of an individual. Good wellness may be brought or so by a balanced diet, exercise and rest. It is through nursing that an individual acquires well health (Pharris, 2001, pp. 8-12).Nursing refers to a erudition in which the person involved aims at ensuring a good health for individuals, families and communities. In general, the science of nursing aims at upholding the quality of life. It involves caring for individuals in a conducive environment to promote good health and prevent illness. Environment is defined as the extensive information on issues, programs and policies affecting our surrounding. It refers to some(prenominal)thing internal or external that may create some impact in the life of an individual including each the living and non living organisms that exist on the earth.It has to conducive to facilitate the process of nursing. Humans A good trouble oneself chink after procedure when attended by appropriate friendship health services enables an individual to rebuild him or herself. It is however the responsibil ity of every person to underwrite that the nurse or the doctor knows about him or herself before the cark control is administered on him or her. This the diligent could do by enabling the doctor to know about his or her drug addiction either the past or present. This will enable the nurse to know the type and the amount of medication to offer. surgical procedure of the plump for is a very painful one and the drug history of a person may affect the persons tolerance to the pain or response to the pain relievers. The pain control in patients overly depends on the age of the patient as well the conditions of health of the individual before the surgery. coercive pain after surgery is a very essential step in the life of a patient as it helps the individual to upgrade the scoop up results on functionality. This is appropriate because the pain after surgery increases the functionality of the patient.Patients who before the surgery were on pain medication do require an administrati on of extended pain medication. Otherwise the patient may require shorter acting pain medications for the control of pain (Newman, 2003, pp. 110-115). Nursing The belief that good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery relates to nursing in the sense that nurses have been found to be mediums through which remainder care at home shag be improved. Pain control is one of the components of quality terminal care in the community.Patients who have undergone surgery should be given enough advice by the nurses on where to nominate help if necessary. In addition to this they should be given appropriate analgesics to carry home which should be tended to(p) by sufficient instructions on their usage. Nevertheless, patients should be given both verbal and written information about pain so that and how pain depose be reduced. The nursing staff should always be there for patients to advice them and to discuss with them their choice of a pain relieving t echniques. The pain that is experienced by patients after surgery is usually very great that it should not be underestimated.This is because the pain does different implications on both the patients and the community health services. A proper pain control after surgery therefore requires the intervention of the nurse which will give way for community health services thus service the patient to gain his or her health back. Nurses facilitate the process of pain control and image that it well managed to speed the process of recovering of a patient ( Margaret,1999, pp. 227-230). Health The health of a person enables that person to function mentally, spiritually, physically and socially in full ability.The belief that a good pain control and community health service helps an individual to rebuild after a surgery relates to health in the sense that an individual will only have a good health when he or she is not in pain. A person is considered to fully healthy if he or she is not feelin g any pain. Surgery involves a lot of pain therefore after a surgery an individual requires pain relief which is achieved through proper pain control by the nurses to enable him or her to function properly both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially.When a person is in pain, he or she will not perform any physical activity in addition the person will not be able to socialize freely with other people. The person will also not think properly thus lacking both mental and spiritual thinking. This is because pain makes a person uncomfortable creating a feeling that something is prostitute in the body. The pain in the body i. e. physical pain sends a signal to the brain through the spinal cords that something is wrong thus taenia the mind from working properly.It is therefore essential that after surgery a patient should receive a good pain control and community health service to enable him or her to rebuild his health. Effective pain management is therefore considered by nurses as part of recovery because it when it is well controlled it speeds up the process of meliorate and reduce complications that a person may experience as a result of surgery (Endo, 2004, pp. 240-245). Environment The surroundings in which individuals live do affect the activities performed in that particular environment.Nurses do require an enabling environment to enable them to perform their duties properly. After surgery it will for the well being of the patient to have a conducive environment in which physical, mental, spiritual and social healing is possible. The nature of the environment in which pain control is conducted is very essential and should be set to fit the requirements of different patients. Pain control will enable an individual to feel comfortable as he or she heals, get well faster and avoid some problems associated with surgery.The nurse theorist observed was Margaret Newman who also came up with a nursing theory of health as an expanding mind which requires ev ery person to find the meaning of life and find connections with other people in the rest of the world. According to Margaret, health means increasing awareness. She set forward that the role of a nurse is to identify the lifestyle of an individual so that the nurse can work within that lifestyle to help the individual achieve the goals of his or her life.Newmans theory includes the health of every individual ir attentivenessive of the condition of illness i. e. whether sick or well (Desai, 1996). Jean on the other hand developed a caring theory which involves the caring actions taken by nurses in their interaction with the patients. The caring theory involves the deep respect offered to patients by the nurses for the mysteries of life and the ability of the patients to change their lifestyles. Watsons caring theory also requires a nurse to help the patients to acquire self control, noesis and healing not regarding their health conditions.The difference that exists between my beli efs on Newmans theory and Watsons caring theory is that Newmans theory was focused on helping every person whether in the absence or presence of sickness to understand his or her status. It focused on the adjustments that a nurse should put to ensure that a person meets his or her requirements. Watson on the other hand focused on caring for the patients, respecting them and helping them to understand themselves by acquiring self control, knowledge and healing.The similarity between the two theories is that both the two believe that it is the role of a nurse to ensure appropriate lifestyles for different persons whether sick or not. They both believe that a nurse should be able to identify or recognize and accurately detect the health status of a person and be able to help that person accordingly. They believe that a nurse must come together and engage in an interaction so that the nurse can understand the unique lifestyle of the person and provide care in a manner that fits that lif estyle.Finally both the beliefs involve human and nursing in the science of nursing in order to provide desired care to persons. The statement of my philosophy of nursing is the belief that Good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery. My philosophy of nursing views nursing as both an art and a science. It requires a nurse to understand the meaning of health in addition to understanding the perception of moral and ethical importance of care. The caring offered by the nurses involves the application of speculative nursing knowledge, behavior and humanity.My nursing philosophy includes wellness, family, collaboration and disability (Yamashita, 1997, pp. 34-39).Conclusion Surgery is a very painful exercise which usually requires an immediate pain control to stop the patient from suffering. Pain management especially after surgery is therefore very essential for the well being of the patient and nurses should ensure that it is provided to enable t he patient to rebuild his or her health. This is because pain control facilitates the process of healing of an individual.

Research on Hybrid Cars Essay

I. Introduction ? Overview Of The Project This see is based on the latest engine room in automobile ( gondola simple machine) intentness- HYBRID TECHNOLOGY. In this project we ar going to discuss about the crossbreed engine room in cars, the impact of crossbreeding technology on Indian automobile (car) sedulousness, the companies which m different take and benefited through this technology and the findings & the conclusion. ? Hybrid Technology A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses devil or more distinct power sources to go along the vehicle. Power sources include ? On-board or out-board rechargeable energy storage outline (RESS) ?Gasoline or Diesel give the axe ? Hydrogen ? Compressed air ? military man powered e. g. pedaling or rowing ? Wind ? Compressed or liquefied natural liquid ? Solar ? Coal, wood or other solid combustibles The marge most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine an internal combustion locomotive railway locomotive and one or more electric rams. ? HYBRID CARS Hybrid cars be one among the promising types of new gen eontion cars. In the constitute era, the locomote vehicle industry is going through a transition phase, which is to meet the gradation of the growing world.Cars are now turn everyplace inevitable assistants for the journey and it is not uncommon to run through 2 or 3 cars in a home. And, motor vehicles are now facing the next generation problems of the unoriginal cars. Moreover, many environmental and energy utilization issues are coming cross. Hybrid cars are true with an intention to answer much of these questions, and the success of it in the road make it a favorite choice of many. Although any car, which has a combination of deuce diametric ideas can be called as a hybrid, provided the cars, which combine two energy sources for its swayning is popularly named as hybrid car.To be simple, the conventional cars channelise on a single fuel source such(prenominal) a s gas, petrol and diesel. The energy efficiency of the cars was insufficient to meet the future needs, in the in high spiritsly energy depleting situation. The search for alternative resources is intensive and one of them, electric cars were a success, exclusively its limitation was the inadequacy for a long drive and difficulty for prevalent recharges. Hybrid cars were a better solution since it combines the benefits of both types of cars.Now, most of the hybrid cars use the engine that work in combination of petrol and electricity. Hybrid cars are much appreciated by the experts because of its energy efficiency. As the car has two energy sources, the car entrust in effect, use up only trim backd energy and the most beneficial attribute is that the batteries in the car for electrical transmitting exit be spontaneously charged, along with the working of the car. However, the success of the hybrid cars among the motorists relies on mainly on its performance on the road.Desp ite of the great fear, whether the new car could give out the performance as of a conventional car, hybrid car gave out adequate performance, with aid of its sophisticated technology and aerodynamic design. The utility of hybrid cars for the society was proved, when Government adopted softenicular measures for its pro bm. Now, as part of its preferred usage, tax revenue credits are utilityable, which are changed yearly, according to the prevailing commercializedize conditions. Government was impressed with the two minuteant advantages such as improved mileage and reduced tail subway body emissions, which can attribute low environmental pollution and reduced non renewable fuel utilization.Now many companies such as Toyota, Ford, Honda and Lexus are competing in the market of hybrid cars with their latest versions. Any how, a comparison of diametric models is advised before the purchase. Hybrid cars are thus the present phase of car industry. The advancements are going on con tinuously in its fuel selection and structure, to persist it to a future car, and motorists are feeling beforehand to the best out of it. ? History of Hybrid Vehicles The history of hybrid cars dates back to the late 1800s and 1900s. In 1905, Mr.H Piper filed a patent for a gasoline engine-electric motor power gear mechanism. According to him, the electric motor would augment a gasoline engine, allowing a vehicle to accele wander from zero to 25 miles an hour in 10 seconds, much faster than the gasoline engines of that time. Ironically, when finally Mr. H Piper was granted the patent a few years later, normal engines were capable of producing the same kind-hearted of acceleration. Due to rapid advancements in the gasoline engine, the popularity of a hybrid car slowly diminished un savings bank again in the early to mid 1970s, the time of inunct crisis.Many companies poured funds to build experimental Hybrid Electric Vehicles. But as the oil became available again, the surge for HEVs died down immediately. The Europeans and Japanese researching on reduction production prices and making HEVs more salable. Companies want Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, Mitsubishi came up with ways to reduce emissions and better the mileage. Toyota introduced the Prius in 1997 (in Japan and in 2000 in the US) which proved to be a huge success. Recent sales figures indicate that well over 300,000 units of Toyota Prius have been sold the world over justifying the construct of a clean family car.In 1999, Honda introduced its first production hybrid car, the Insight and then the Civic Hybrid in 2002. Ford came up with the first hybrid SUV, the Escape, which hit the road in 2004. Quick on their path are several other contestants such as Dodge with their hybrid pickup, the Ram, and chevrolets Silverado. ? How Hybrid Cars Work? Hybrid Cars mix the power of the conventional gasoline engine with that of an electric motor. A high powered battery pack provides energy to the motor which it self gets recharged when the car is decelerating. This is called as regenerative braking.The gas engine can also assist the battery in recharging. This kills the need to plug the car to an external source of energy. As of now, there are two types of hybrid vehicles. In one type, the electric motor acts as a side-kick to the gas engine, assisting it whenever surplus power is needed. The electric motor alone is incapable of respectively operating the vehicle. Hondas Power Assist technology in its hybrids, Civic and Insight is an example. Such vehicles are termed as Mild Hybrids. In mild hybrids, the gasoline engine provides the main source of power, and the electric motor provides spare power whenever needed.The second type of hybrid can be termed as a affluent Hybrid, where the gasoline engine and the electric motor can ope valuate the vehicle saperately. In this type, the electric motor can drive the vehicle at write down speeds. In need of more speed, the gasoline engine kicks in. The Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape implement the same techonology. Be it mild hybrids or full hybrids, both are capable of providing lower emissions and better fuel efficiency. The Internal-Combustion Engines (both gasoline and diesel) installed in Hybrid cars are often smaller than those in normal cars for a simple drive that Hybrids have the electric motor for assistance.The motor can take care of city travel which poses stop and go conditions as well as power-consuming add-ons such as the A/C or power-windows and power-steering. At high speeds, the gasoline engine supplies power. This switching of power sources is computer controled and nothing needs to be manually done. Power to the electric motor comes from the battery-pack. Recharging of the battery is automatic and need not be done by external sources. When the car is in uniform motion or when it is decelerating, it generates power which charges the batteries which utilises the valuable energizing energy.As with any ot her battery, the Hybrid car battery also has a limited life span. automobile makers however, put the battery life at around 200,000 miles which roughly comes around to 7-8 years, depending on the kind of travel it endures. Thus, It pays to take extra care of your vehicle and travel when necessary. ? Hybrid Car Technology With the prices of gasoline and fuel always on the accession, car manufacturers have today lay down a new form of car technology that is fuel efficient and low in pollution.This technology is called the hybrid car technology where the cars have a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) found in the vehicle, along with near fuel propulsion source. Hybrid cars dont produce much pollution and consumes minimal fuel and its different propulsion systems have either common parts or systems. Hybrid cars are generally designated to vehicles running on a combination of petroleum and electricity. These vehicles are called hybrid-electric vehicles where electric cells are used to power electric engines, along with an internal combustion engine.The advantage of these cars is that they sort of extend their battery charge through the kinetic energy they catch in regenerative braking. Moreover when such cars cruise, or move on a small thrust, the combustion engine generates energy with the running of a second electric motor. This is done to either recharge the battery or to provide energy to the motor for driving the car. This is unlike the conventional electrical cars where they avail of their battery charge through external sources like the grid.Today, most of the hybrid cars run on either gasoline or diesel as their main energy source while there are some cases where other fuels like ethanol or plant based oils are used too. in that respect are also some cars that use hydrogen fuel. Sometimes, hybrid cars are also referred to the cars that are flexible-fuel vehicles where they run on a combination of different fuels like gasoline and ethanol alcohol fuel. The main reason people prefer to use hybrid cars is because of its hybrid technology of a combination of technologies. With this, a bent of gas fuel is saved which is of course, beneficial to the car buyer.With the passage of time, hybrid car technology has improved in the different hybrid cars. This is because with time, hybrid cars have also become popular and the manufacturers have been working on more means to make the car more feasible to the prospective car buyer. With hybrid car technology, the motion of the car is designed in such a way that the engines in these cars have a smaller size that is used when directionless and driving leisurely. It is unremarkably the battery source that provides the additional power like going uphill or accelerating whenever needed.To couple things, when the hybrid car is stopped, the hybrid fuel engine gets switched off to run off the electric motor. Hybrid cars are built lighter and are designed more aerodynamically for better speed. And its tires are usually stiffer and have a higher inflation so that the drag of the car is reduced. So it can be seen that with hybrid car technology, a car has become more efficient. Though the rates of these cars may initially be a bit high, they are very much worth it in the long run during its lifespan. ? Hybrid Car Pro and Cons.The pros and cons of hybrid car is one of the widely discussed topics since hybrid car is a motion among the new generation vehicles. Hybrid car is the type of car, which utilizes two different energy sources to meet the energy requirement. Even though the hybrid technology was prevailing for many purposes such as train engines and submarines, its well-liked use among the people was begun only with the incorporation of the idea in the motor vehicles. Hybrid car became soon accepted among the customers, however, its increased popularity arise the need for a cross analysis since it is a fact that every factor will have two sides.? Pros of Hybrid Vehicl es Hybrid cars carry with them a bundle of advantages. o Hybrids combine clean energy of the electrical motor with the power of the gas-powered engine which results into lower emissions and better mileage. o Thanks to the ever improving technology, hybrids perform at par with the normal ga-powered vehicles, if not better. o Hybrids are reliable and comfortable as any traditional car and they have a tax benefits(only public treasury 2006). o There are purchase incentives for Hybrid vehicle proprietors (varies by state). o Hybrids are much cleaner cars than normal vehicles with lesser CO and other greenhouse gas emissions.o Hybrids provide a better mileage. o The future for hybrids looks bright with rapid developments in hybrid technology to improve engine efficiency. o Due to the Regenerative Braking technology, the batteries need not be charged by an external source. o o Special warranties are provided for the battery pack, the electric motor other costly items. o Hybrids help redu ce the dependency on fossil fuels which directely affects fuel prices. Hybrid cars are often refereed to as the car of the era. The unique advantages of the hybrid car will be sole basis for such recognition in the market.The motor industry was always in the lather to develop most beneficial model and the disadvantages of the conventional model might be the triggering factor for the formation of advantageous models. Usually, anything to be considered as advantageous will make benefit only to its owner, and to the maximum, the family of the owner. The specialty of the hybrid car kick upstairss in this situation since its advantages can attribute benefit to not only the owner or his family, but to the entire society, nation and the mankind. The advantages of the hybrid car hold up right from its difference in the basic pattern.Hybrid car is type of car that utilizes two energy sources for its movement. The popular hybrid cars in the market are manufactured in such a manner to combi ne the benefits of an internal combustion engine and electrical motor. The shortening level of gasoline in the world as it is a non-renewable energy was the major drawback of the conventional cars, which was rectified in the electrical cars, but it also had its own disadvantages. The advantage of the hybrid car is that it can rectify the complaints in the both systems and balances the use of electrical energy and gasoline engine, in their best levels.In the hybrid car, the electrical energy is used while starting up of the car and its low speed ranges, which will help to impart a check to the tail pipe emissions. As the automobiles is increasing, world is at the threat of toxic pollutants and global warming, due to their exhaust ingredients. The decrease in the tail pipe emission will be a great advantage for the environment as well as the society. However, gasoline engine will take up the transmission, when the speed goes up since, it is essential to attribute the pace for the dri ve.While the traffic stops and steep slopes the electrical energy will be again activated, which will help to reduce the gasoline utilization. The aerodynamic design, lighter materials and smoother tyre will help for better energy consumption. The striking technological advantage of the hybrid car is that the energy loss, while braking is re-channeled for the electrical battery charging, called as regenerative braking, and a separate energy for battery charging is not required. The advantages of the hybrid car are multifarious since it attributes economical, technical and economical benefits.Despite of the owner, the country as well as, is benefited from the gasoline saving as the oil prices are steeping very high, and its effects the countrys whole economy. This advantage is also a benefit to the customer as government has decided to give reductions and tax credits for the hybrid car buying. In addition to Federal exemption certain states also provide local exemptions to promote t he use of hybrid car. Hybrid car is thus an advantageous car, which helps to over come much of the crisis related to the motor world. ? Disdvantages Of Hybrid Cars Hybrid cars, though useful, have some disadvantages.The point to be noted here is that the advantages far pass away the disadvantages. o High cost hybrids cost anywhere from $2,000 to $5,000 more their non-Hybrid versions. o More weight due to battery packs. o Some states charge additional fees for registration. o In the event of an unfortunate accident, there is a risk of exposure to high voltage wires. o They have a complicated system which needs to be taken care of by experienced mechanics only. o Spare parts maybe hard to find and may be costly. o Usually, hybrids have a lower acceleration than that their normal counterparts.II. INDUSTRY PROFILE ? HYBRID TECHNOLOGY IN Indian AUTOMOBILE (CAR) INDUSTRY ? INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY AN OVERVIEW The manufacturing of automobiles commenced in India 60 years ago, since then, the journey of the Indian Automotive industry can be classified into three main phases. moving upon them draftly The first phase till mid 1980s could be termed as one of protection for the Indian automotive industry. There were restrictions on the manufacturing and import of automobiles and the Indian automobile market was a sellers market.The second phase, post 1991, could be termed as a phase of liberalization as the Indian automotive market was the beneficiary of the opening up of Indias economy. This phase was marked by the main course of foreign automobile players and increase in the availableness of automotive financing. The Indian automotive market became a buyers market during this phase. Coinciding with the second wave of liberalization, the third phase from early 2000 till date could be termed as a phase of globalization of the Indian automotive industry.This phase has been marked by the removal of most import controls, entry of many more foreign players in the Indian automotive market and Indian companies gaining a global identity and acquiring foreign companies. The year 2008 is an principal(prenominal) year for the Indian automobile industry. Today, the Indian automobile industry is ranked first in the world in the production of three wheelers, second in the production of two wheelers, fourth in the production of commercial vehicles and ninth in the production of passenger vehicles.With a production of nearly 10. 8 meg vehicles in FY07-08, the Indian automotive industry has shown an outstanding resilience after the put up down cycle about a decade back. In the last few years, the Indian automotive industry has grown at a healthy rate by reducing costs and improving efficiency. With its new found confidence, it has gone beyond the shores of India and is creating a noteworthy footprint in different geographies in the world.The Indian automotive market with a healthy growth rate of 13% in the last 7 years was a source of attraction to many for eign automobile companies whose entry in the Indian market not only increased competition, but also raised customer expectations about product quality and reliability. This forced the Indian companies to introduce new and enkindle products and innovation has now become a noteable feature of the Indian automotive industry.The innovation story of the Indian automotive industry would not be realize without mentioning the NANO, which has evoked worldwide interest, curiosity and confidence in the competency of Indian talent. It has not only brought the automobile industry, but also India into focus. The NANO and other similar products have the potential to change the paradigm of the automotive industry worldwide. To maintain a high rate of growth, retain the attractive voiceness of the Indian market and to further enhance competitiveness in the market place, the Indian automotive industry has been working in a collaborative manner with the government and has drafted an Automotive Missi on course of study 2006-16.Some of the key initiatives which have been pursued as per the Automotive Mission Plan include Establishment of National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure development Project (NATRIP) Initiatives for creation and fulfillment of automotive demand Initiatives towards the betterment of society and the environment, and Initiatives to become a catalyst for generating an additional 25 one thousand thousand jobs. In the last five years, sales in various segments of the Indian automobile market have grown at a healthy rate of 15% to 27 %.This growth provided encouragement to various players and nearly Rs 78,000 crores of investment has been planned, out of which more than 50% has already been committed. However, today the Indian automotive industry is facing unprecedented challenges. On one hand, demand is shrinking because of the lack of availability of consumer finance, high interest rates and the high cost of fuel, and on the other, cost of input materials has witnessed massive increases. e. g. in the last two years, steel price has increased by almost 40%, copper prices are up by 45%, natural rubber has risen by 40% .The impact of steel price increase alone on various segments of automobiles is quite significant. These factors are having a catastrophic impact on the bottom line of the Indian automotive industry and are resulting in withdrawal, scaling down or wait of capital investment which would hurt the objectives of the Automotive Mission Plan in the long run. Two other long term challenges are faced by the Indian automotive industry. The first one is climate change due to global warming which would have an impact on all.Contribution of cytosine dioxide emissions well-favoured rise to global warming by various sectors are Public Electricity and Heat Production 53% Manufacturing Industries & Construction21% Internal transportation (Road,rail,air)12% Others14% (Source International button Agency-2005 Report based on 2001 data for India) Reduction in carbon dioxide emission would require a holistic and an integrated approach. However, the automotive industry is mindful of its 10% contribution and is conscious and determined to pursue initiatives to reduce the same.This could be implemented by adopting an integrated and a partnership approach. Some of the initiatives that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions include introduction of new and more fuel efficient vehicles, a mandatory inspection and maintenance regime, the removal of old vehicles as they contribute to a larger portion of carbon dioxide emissions, efficient traffic management, use of alternative fuels like CNG, LPG, bio-diesel etc and the introduction of electric vehicles / hybrid.The second challenge which the Indian automotive industry is facing today is in attracting and nurturing talented manpower not only for the creation of better and reliable products but also for servicing and maintenance throughout the life cycle of the pr oduct. More than 60% of the additional 25 billion jobs that is projected to get created as per the Automotive Mission Plan, would be in the ingenious category. ? INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY AND HYBRID TECHNOLOGY pic ? WHY HYBRIDS IN INDIA pic pic pic CONCLUSION pic III. COMPANIES PROFILEHybrid technology has become a latest skip in the automotive industry. There are a number of companies which have adopted this technology. The list of the companies which have launched their hybrid vehicles are ? TATA ? Hyundai ? Honda ? Mahindra & Mahindra ? Ford ? Toyota ? BMW ? Nissan Motors A brief profile of these companies and their hybrid car versions are discussed in the following pages pic ? COMPANY OVERVIEW The Hyundai Motor Company, a division of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, is South Koreas largest and the worlds fifth largest automaker in terms of units sold per year.Headquartered in Seoul, Hyundai operates the worlds largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan, w hich is capable of producing 1. 6 million units annually. The Hyundai logo, a slanted, stylized H, is said to be symbolic of two people (the company and customer) shaking hands. In 1998, after a shake-up in the Korean auto industry caused by overambitious expansion and the Asian financial crisis, Hyundai postulated rival Kia Motors. In 2000, the company established a strategic bail bond with DaimlerChrysler and severed its partnership with the Hyundai Group. In 2001, the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was formed.In 2004, however, DaimlerChrysler divested its interest in the company by exchange its 10. 5 percent stake for $900 million. Hyundai has invested in manufacturing plants in the North America, China, Pakistan, India, and Turkey as well as research and development centers in Europe, North America, and Japan. In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $57. 2 billion in sales in South Korea making it the countrys second largest corporation, or chaebol. Worldwide sales in 2005 rea ched 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous year. Hyundai has set as its 2006 target worldwide sales of 2.7 million units (excluding exports of CKD kits). Hyundai motor vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. After a recent survey of global automotive sales by Automotive News, Hyundai is now the tenth largest automaker in the world in 2007. 5 Hyundai Motor Companys brand power continues to rise as it was ranked 72nd in the 2007 Best Global strike outs by Interbrand and Business Week survey. Brand value estimated at $4. 5 billion. Public perception of the Hyundai brand has been transformed as a result of dramatic improvements in the quality of Hyundai vehicles.? HYBRIDS IN HYUNDAI Hyundai plans to go about producing hybrid electric vehicles in 2009. The Avante will be the first vehicle to be produced. Since 2004, Hyundai has supplied about 3,000 hybrid versions of its Getz and Accent small cars to government fleets as part of a testing program. The automaker cites a lack of local tax benefits for purchasing hybrids as a barrier to its hybrid development program. But Hyundai expects the tax situation to change in 2009. The new hybrid electric Sonata will make its debut at the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November 2008.Hyundai expects to release it in the U. S. market in 2010, featuring lithium-ion battery technology ? HYUNDAI HYBRIDS IN INDIA Hyundai is getting increasingly aggressive these days. If Genesis sedan assault wasnt enough, Hyundai is now seriously looking at another Japanese stronghold, the Hybrids. The company is planning to go full steam in developing its own hybrid technology. The company will start off with the hybrid variants of Accent, Sonata and Avante sedan while the research and development center in India will be given the go ahead to develop the technology for small cars.Currently, Hyundai provides Verna (Accent) hybrid models to government agencies as pilot projects. The plan is to expand the line-up to mid-sized sedans and beyond for mass production, starting from 2009. Seok San Jang, a senior vice president for Hyundais international business operations saysWe have been slow in the field so far but have aggressive plans given the fact that high oil prices have made hybrids almost a necessity now. From next year, we will sell hybrid cars in Korea and by 2010 we will be selling them all over the world, India is our hub for small cars and hybrids for smaller cars will also eventually come from there. ? HYUNDAI HYBRID MODELS pic pic HYUNDAI ACCENT HYUNDAI GETZ pic ? COMPANY OVERVIEW Tata Motors Limited, formerly known as phone company (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company), is a multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is Indias largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company. Part of the Tata Group, and one of the worlds largest manufacturers of commercial vehicles. The OICA ranked it as the wo rlds 20th largest automaker, based on figures for 2006. Tata Motors was established in 1945, when the company began manufacturing locomotives.The company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors was listed on the NYSE in 2004, and by 2005 it was ranked among the top 10 corporations in India with an annual revenue exceeding INR 320 billion. In 2004, it bought Daewoos truck manufacturing unit, now known as Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle, in South Korea. It also, acquired a 21% stake in Hispano Carrocera SA, giving it controlling rights in the company. Tata Motors launched their much awaited Tata Nano, noted for its Rs 100,000 price-tag, in January 2008.In March 2008, it finalised a deal with Ford Motor Company to acquire their British Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) business, which also includes the Rover, Daimler and Lanchester brand names. The purchase was completed on 2 June 2008 Tata Motors has its manufactur ing base in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Pune. ? HYBRIDS IN TATA The worlds cheapest car, Tata Nano, may also turn out to be worlds cheapest hybrid version as well. Tata Motors intends to offer micro-hybrid version of Tata Nano with micro-hybrid technology that allows the vehicle to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 10 percent.According to a leading Indian news channel, Bosch shall provide the micro-hybrid technology to Nano also known as Start-Stop System. This system allows the engine to automatically turn off when the vehicle is not moving. This additional technology may cost another Rs. 4000 to Rs. 6000 to the overall cost but this technology is definitely the cheapest hybrid technology most suitable for the worlds cheapest car. Most of the countries around the world are getting stricter with fuel consumption and emission norms including Europe and the US.This micro-hybrid technology can b deployed to the vehicles at much lower cost than full hybrid systems. The micro-hybrid technology will also be available in diesel and electric variants of Nano. pic TATA NANO pic ? COMPANY OVERVIEW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), (English Bavarian Motor Works) is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916. It also produces motorcycles, is the owner of the MINI brand and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. ? HYBRIDS IN BMW ? BMW H6 ACTIVE HYBRIDBMW ActiveHybrid is a particular highlight of BMW EfficientDynamics, BMWs trendsetting development scheme for todays world. Introducing this technology, BMW is taking the next step in the ongoing reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. BMW ActiveHybrid is based on a modular concept following the strategy of Best of Hybrid to integrate the most appropriate, optimum components in each case in different concepts. The concept is running a new BMW drivetrain that integrates the batteries, electronics systems and power inverter all within the transmission.Compared wi th the non-hybrid model, the new Active Hybrid is said to improve fuel-economy by up to 20%. The two-mode hybrid system, co-developed with General Motors and DaimlerChrysler, uses check electric motors which can either be used to boost acceleration, charge the batteries or as a generator to mutually power each other. The two-mode active transmission is based on an ECVT electrical continuously variable transmission. The two operating modes, one of which has been optimised for low, the other for high speeds, are supplemented by fixed transmission ratios.Fitting in with BMWs new EfficientDynamics focus, the modular hybrid system can be easily adapted to other models and should make its way crosswise more cars in coming years. pic BMW X6 ACTIVE HYBRID ? BMW DIESEL X5 HYBRID VERSION BMW will be presenting a new eco-friendly concept touting the latest in EfficientDynamics technology at the upcoming Geneva Motor Show. BMW has given a preview of the upcoming concept, a twin-turbo diesel X5 with a hybrid system. As has been the trend in Europe of late, carmakers are developing ultra-efficient hybrid models by combining frugal diesel engines with electric powertrains.BMW X5 SUV is fitted with a 2. 0L turbodiesel and the carmakers mild ActiveHybrid technology plus an eight-speed automatic gearbox and even roof-mounted solar panels. All of these technologies combine to deliver the best fuel economy and lowest emissions of any fullsize SUV currently on sale. The BMW Vision EfficientDynamics delivers 43. 5mpg on the combined cycle and just 172g/km of CO2 emissions. Despite its green credentials, the X5 ActiveHybrid is no slouch. Output from the diesel stands at 204hp and 400Nm of torque, and the hybrid systems adds a further 20hp and 210Nm of torque under acceleration.

Comparison of Odysseus and Helen as Liars

Comparison of Odysseus and Athena as liars Deception, or the act of deceiving or defrauding, is a prominent theme in the Odyssey. Though inherently dishonest, deception can be used to gain information and k forthwithledge. Different characters (and people) use it different ways. This seek will establish that, whereas Odysseus uses deception to help him progress from Nobody back to Odysseus, king of Ithaca, Athena does so to keep her identicalness secret when she disguises herself. Odysseus ensures his security and protects his identity while deceiving Polyphemus, thus displaying his true cleverness.Odysseus tells Polyphemus that Nobody is his name, (9,365) he uses this clever deception so the other Cyclopes do not go after(prenominal) him after he escapes. Also, if Polyphemos k innovative who Odysseus really was then Polyphemos wouldve treated him differently. Odysseus wouldnt had received the hospitality that he did. By being his witty self, Polyphemos stated I will eat you conk because he liked his cleverness which was actually his decievence. Odysseus is in sense a nobody, no one cared if he was king of Ithaca. This was his lowest point as he started to lie more in order to reconstruct his identity.In order to restore his identity, he had to continue with his lies, with that he began his Cretan lies. These Cretan lies deceived Athena, Eumaois, and Penelope. Odysseus used his first Cretan lie to Athena, who was disguised as a Shepard boy, .. He takes pains to establish a sound character I have come here/with these gods that you see but leaving as much again to my children. (13,258) .. Later on he used his second Cretan lie to Eumaios, the swine herd, to gain information of what is happening at his home.He established a benevolent character son of a rich man and his concubine, the legitimate heirs gave him only a small portion of estate. He then condemned liars.. The immediate reason is that Odysseus is cold, and hes hinting for Eumaios to leap him some more c everywherewhich Eumaios does. Its also believe to be a test, although Eumaios has already demonstrated the kind of person he is by sharing his deficient necessities with this ragged stranger and by the concern he has shown for his masters family in his determination not to let anyone arouse false hopes that will just be dashed.In particular, record that just a page or so earlier, he has firmly forbidden the stranger to tell Penelope that he knows Odysseus is on his way home, because he has seen galore(postnominal) other wayfarers tell her the same thing and be rewarded with a new tunic and cloak, and then leave her to be disappointed all over again. But when the stranger tells the story of how Odysseus conned another soldier out of his cloak so that the stranger could use it, Eumaios tells him that he will receive a new tunic and cloak soon, and then piles other covers over him in the meantime.Perhaps that anecdote rings so true as something Odysseus would have done that Eumaios is now convinced that the stranger does at least KNOW Odysseus. His third Cretan lie was to Penelope to see if she was still true to him. He pretended to be the blood brother of idomeneus, grandson of late king Minos. He gave a first name Aethon, and told Penelope about Odysseus, everything she wanted to hear. He told her a lengthy description of his homeland Crete.. too to Odysseus, Athena disguises herself as a mentes.And disguises herself as a mentor This essay established that both Odysseus and Athena decieved in similar ways, to gain information. A The many acts of deception found in The Odyssey often are used to show a characters cleverness or to show the importance placed on cleverness. swank is one of the qualities that make Athena want to aid Odysseus throughout his trials. Cleverness is one of the qualities that is to inspire Odysseus to want Penlope.Cleverness is what makes Penlope of value and is what makes Odysseus a hero. Deception in the Odyssey is forever about appearances Circe appears beautiful and benevolent, but is actually malicious. The men are made to appear as animals, but are actually still men in spirit and mind. Odysseuss disguise as a beggar is much like Athenes former disguise as a pestilent by dressing below their stations, these two are able to test the integrity of those they deceive.

Art Three Main Types

Art Representational, Abstract, and Non mimetic Art is a way to view a memory, idea, and/or emotion. Art abide come from the mind or you can draw it from some early(a) source such as media or nature. Art has very different meanings and attempts to get across to other in different ways. Art is virtually endless. Art can be be altered to reflection how the inventionist wants to make it appear or it can be made to look precisely as it appears in reality. It is up to the stratagemist to make the image as they desire. Artists ordinarily do so by finding a type of art they ar comfortable with doing.Some artists do not the likes of to make art that looks like anything some wizness has light uponn before. There are hundreds of different categories of art. Those categories can pass into one of three main types. The three main types in which a piece of art can fall under are representational, abbreviation, and nonrepresentational. Representational art is art in which the artist a ttempts to capture the image exactly as it appears. There are several different hit mancategories that fall under this such as pragmatism and art made during the Renaissance.Artist who tend to make representational art usually are geared to prize logically and analytically. Representational art contrasts with rescind art and nonrepresentational art. For instanse the Mona Lisa done by Leonardo Da Vinci is a lead of representational art. It is a potrait done in oil to capture the image of Lisa Gherardini. different works done by Leonardo Da Vinci are also representational. The picture captures what the artist sees in reality rather then what the artist wants to exaggerate upon.When trying to steer away from physical realities abstract art tends to cover the spectrum of emotions with shapes and lines. This art can vary on whether it contains things that are representation and things that are in all nonrepresentational. This category of art is everything that falls in between rep resentational art and nonrepresentational art. A spacious example would be just about any work done by Pablo Piccaso. Cubism is a sub form of abstract art, which is a type of art that Pablo Piccaso is known for.Cubism is when the artist uses geometric shapes to define their work of art in place of the natural organic shapes which would normally be made in representational art. However since the work still has some representation it is not entirely nonrepresentational which lands it in the abstract category. Art that makes no attempt to identify or represent something is called nonrepresentational art. This art does not tie any beings, places or things in the natural world. It is very much like abstract however at that place are absolutely no representations within this type of art.While the art is not intended to represent anything it usually appeals to emotions with the tone of colors and the way the artist uses their media. An example of this can be expressionism. However this type of art is tricky. Expressionism can also fall under the category of abstract. Since abstract and nonrepresentational art can be closely related it is also easy to confuse the two. While expressionism shows a strong sense of emotions it can also have some representational items within it which allows it to fall into one of the two categories. Representational art can never be expressionism.Fighting Forms by Franz Marc is a good example of expressionistic nonrepresentational art. The artist makes a work from their desired media in order to produce an image or images they want to see in the world rather then allow it to remain in their head for no one to see. An artist usually uses a type of art that they can best relate to. There are sever different types of art to choose from but they all fall into one of three categories. place of all the different categories of art all of them fall into three different types. They are representational, abstract, or nonrepresentational.

Junior Officers Essay

This result appeared to be the same with the statistical results for the selective information set of all samples combined. The deviation was the item Human Resource Focus, compass point 5, which appeared to be not fit with Leadership, point 1. There could be logical reasons why such a result, but we cannot at this stage, generalize without first conducting the same foot race for the Leaders conclave. A. 3. The Pearson Correlation Matrix for the Leaders assemblage For the Leaders Group, Leadership, gunpoint 1, is not correlated at all, ALL from Strategic Planning, situation 2 to Business Results, decimal point 7 as shown by Table 3.Table 3. Excerpt from the Correlation Matrix for the Leaders Group Leadership, Item 1 Strategic Planning, Item 2 0. 371 0. 413 Customer And Market Focus, Item 3 0. 164 0. 726 Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management, Item 4 0. 753 0. 051 Human Resource Focus, Item 5 0. 715 0. 071 Process Management, Item 6 0. 247 0. 594 Business Results, I tem 7 0. 524 0. 227 Cell Contents Pearson correlation p-Value The results were revealing on two counts.First, it told us that the correlation flair shown by the Combined Data Samples of the Others Group and the Leaders Group was principally due to the effect of the Others Group given its bigger sample size, 37 respondents compared to the Leaders Group, 7 respondents. This is manifest in that the correlation test for the Others Group showed correlation mingled with Leadership, Item 1, and early(a) items except in Customer and Market Focus, Item 3, which was possibly influenced by the results of the Leaders Group which showed no correlation between Leadership, Item 1, and the other items.Second, the results pointed to the seam between the two groups being compared. There was a significant difference in perception between the Others Group and the Leaders Group. It should be noted that the Leaders Group, comprising, take note, the Senior Leaders, or specifically, the Senior Office rs in the surveyed organization occupied the higher hierarchy and when we mentioned the Others Group, we are referring to leaders still, but leaders occupying the lower hierarchy, the Others Group comprising, take note, the Junior Leaders, or specifically the Junior Officers.It may argued that based on their respective localise in the surveyed organization, ESGR there may be strong factors which create opposing views or that their perceptions could be touch on by the imperatives, necessities, and the like and the nature of their respective positions being held in the organization.Whereas, for the Others Group, wherein Leadership, Item 1, was correlated with all the other items Strategic Planning, Item 2 Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management, Item 4 Human Resource Focus, Item 5 Process Management, Item 6 and Business Results, Item 7 however, in the Leaders Group, its Leadership, Item 1, had NO significant correlation established with ALL the other items from Item 2 to Ite m 7. It could mean that the Others Group, mainly Junior Officers were more concerned with function which required them to be aware of all the aspects and details of the organization.It could be contended that Junior Officers were the implementers of the details of projects and operations hence, with Strategic Planning, Item 2 of the Baldrige Criteria, the Junior Officers were more concerned with examining how organizations beat objectives and action plans and how flexible the organization should be in case of situational changes in circumstance. Junior Officers are judge to be familiar with stock knowledge on the planning step and deployment to achieve objectives at the versatile stages of implementation.Chances are, they are the ones evaluating information from various reports and they are the ones making the progress reports and updates for the higher echelon officers. In other voice communication it is possible that Junior Officers differed with the Senior Leaders in terms o f data/details exposure, requiring the Junior Officers to pay more infracticular attention to the different aspects of the organization at the field or at the demonstrate level.Other items such as Measurement, Analysis and Knowledge Management, Item 4, could be interpreted as part of the functions of Junior Leadership and Junior Officers were more conscious of the procedures involved in handling voluminous data and information which needed sorting and which may require immediate and appropriate response. In Question 26, to a lower place the sub-category, Information and Knowledge Management, for example, in dealing with hardware and software reliability, we can expect that senior lead not to be doing the actual testing of new software or hardware for that matter.It would thus be more the function of Junior Officers to test such new innovations. Due to the difference in nidus and priorities between the Others Group and the Leaders Group as suggested by their diverging trend in the correlation test outcome, further tests had to be conducted to enable deeper probe into why such results occurred. How come?